Degradation of iprodione by a soil Arthrobacter-like strain

Abstract

A bacterial strain able to transform iprodione was isolated from a fast iprodione-degrading soil by enrichment procedures. Transformation was detected through 3,5-dichloroaniline production as measured by a rapid colorimetric method. The strain, MA6, was tentatively identified as an Arthrobacter sp. When it was incubated with MA6 in a minimum mineral medium (pH 6.5), iprodione (8.8 mol/liter) was transformed into two major metabolites that were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis: 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide (metabolite 1) and (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetic acid (metabolite 2), which was produced after ring cleavage of the former product. These products were synthesized in the laboratory and compared with metabolites 1 and 2 which were formed during iprodione degradation. Small quantities of 3,5-dichloroaniline also appeared in the bacterial culture but did not substantially increase between the first and second days of incubation. In contrast, in the sterile control medium, iprodione was spontaneously transformed into hydantoic acid and an iprodione isomer. Chemical and biological transformations of iprodione seem to occur through two different pathways. One biological degradation pathway is proposed.

An Amidase Gene, ipaH , Is Responsible for the Initial Step in the Iprodione Degradation Pathway of Paenarthrobacter sp. Strain YJN-5

“…Generally, a mass error between Ϫ5 ppm and 5 ppm is acceptable for the identification of compounds (15). Therefore, a putative degradation pathway of iprodione in strain YJN-5 was proposed based on the results of this study and previous reports (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)16) (Fig. 2F).…”

“…strain YJN-G, and Microbacterium sp. strain CQH-1 (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The degradation pathway of iprodione has been proposed and summarized based on intermediate metabolites produced during its degradation by different strains (see Fig.…”

Isolation and characterization of a bacterium able to degrade high concentrations of iprodione

“…Strangely, 3,5dichlorophenylurea acetate was not detected in our study. But it was frequently detected in the degradation of iprodione by other iprodione-degrading bacterial strains (Athiel et al 1995;Mercadier et al 1997;Campos et al 2017). In these strains, N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine was metabolized to 3,5-DCA via 3,5-dichlorophenylurea acetate.…”

“…strain C1 (Campos et al 2015). During the degradation of iprodione, N- (3,3,and 3, were the most frequently detected intermediate metabolites (Athiel et al 1995;Mercadier et al 1997;Campos et al 2017); hence, the biodegradation pathway of iprodione was proposed. Bioremediation has received increasing attention as a reliable, effective, safe, costeffective, and promising approach to clean up polluted environments (Rajendran et al 2003;Chen et al 2011;Cao et al 2013).…”

“…To date, several bacterial strains capable of degrading iprodione have been reported, including Arthrobacter sp. strain MA6 (Athiel et al 1995), 4 combined Pseudomonas strains (Mercadier et al 1997), and Arthrobacter sp. strain C1 (Campos et al 2015).…”