Degradation of Hybrid Drug Delivery Carriers with a Mineral Core and a Protein–Tannin Shell under Proteolytic Hydrolases

Abstract

Hybrid carriers with the mineral CaCO3/Fe3O4 core and the protein–tannin shell are attractive for drug delivery applications due to reliable coupling of anticancer drugs with protein–tannin complex and the possibility of remote control over drug localization and delivery by the external magnetic field. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of drug release via enzymatic degradation of a protein–tannin carrier shell triggered by proteolytic hydrolases trypsin and pepsin under physiological conditions. To do this, the carriers were incubated with the enzyme solutions in special buffers to maintain the enzyme activity. The time-lapse spectrophotometric and electron microscopy measurements were carried out to evaluate the degradation of the carriers. It was established that the protein–tannin complex demonstrates the different degradation behavior depending on the enzyme type and buffer medium. The incubation in trypsin solution mostly resulted in the protein shell degradation. The incubation in pepsin solution did not affect the protein component; however, the citric buffer stimulates the degradation of the mineral core. The presented results allow for predicting the degradation pathways of the carriers including the release profile of the loaded cargo under physiological conditions. The viability of 4T1 breast cancer cells with mineral magnetic carriers with protein–tannin shells was investigated, and their movement in the fields of action of the permanent magnet was shown.

Antitumor Effects of Microencapsulated Gratiola officinalis Extract on Breast Carcinoma and Human Cervical Cancer Cells In Vitro

“…Polyelectrolyte shells on the cores were produced by layer-by-layer adsorption of molecules on spherical cores during their mixing in water solutions (concentrations of DS, PAH and PSS were 2 mg/mL). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was labeled with tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC) fluorescent dye using the method described in [ 40 ]; the concentration of BSA-TRITC water solution was 2 mg/mL. Final shell composition was PSS/PAH/BSA-TRITC/PAH/PSS/PAH/DS (bovine serum albumin labeled with tetramethylrhodamine fluorescent dye (BSA-TRITC), dextran sulfate sodium salt (DS), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)).…”

Time-Delayed Anticancer Effect of an Extremely Low Frequency Alternating Magnetic Field and Multimodal Protein–Tannin–Mitoxantrone Carriers with Brillouin Microspectroscopy Visualization In Vitro

“…The relative errors of measurement of element concentrations in the solutions did not exceed ±4%. Supernatants were prepared by mixing magnetic calcium carbonate particles in enzymes and buffer solutions following centrifugation, according to the procedure described in [48]. The following samples were characterized by AAS: supernatants from calcium carbonate magnetic particles with protein-tannin shells after incubation in (1) trypsin solution for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min, (2) Tris-HCl buffer, (3) pepsin, and (4) citrate buffer for a similar time.…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Drug Delivery Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials

“…In order for DDSs to be effective in targeted therapy, it is crucial to improve their biocompatibility and targeting ability. To improve biocompatibility, various materials such as biodegradable polymers [ 130 , 145 , 146 ], sugars [ 129 , 130 , 147 ], lipids [ 133 ], and proteins [ 148 , 149 ] have been used. These materials can be used for coating purposes to reduce the toxicity and immunogenicity of the resulting DDS.…”