Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have a broad range
of potential
applications in the treatment of emerging refractory emerging pollutants.
However, due to the presence of highly reactive substances such as
free radicals that are difficult to capture, it is challenging to
investigate the mechanism of AOPs at the elementary reaction level.
The conventional methods, such as electron spin resonance (ESR), free
radical quantification, and free radical quenching, are plagued by
systematic issues that have led to bottlenecks in the field of AOP
studies. The development of computational chemistry theory and computer
performance provides a new method to study the mechanism of AOPs through
density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Due to its excellent
cost–performance benefit, DFT calculations for aperiodic small
molecules have become popular in the field of AOPs. In this paper,
a comprehensive review is presented on the applications of DFT calculations
for predicting active sites and exploring reaction selectivity and
oxidant activation mechanisms. A systematic classification of methods
related to molecular descriptors and transition states is provided.
Furthermore, some current research issues are identified, and future
development prospects and challenges are discussed.