Degradation of Atrazine in Estuarine Water/Sediment Systems and Soils

Jones, Thomas W.; Kemp, W. Michael; Stevenson, J. Court; Means, Jay C.

doi:10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100040015x

Cited by 117 publications

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“…3,4 In studies using river water, a half-life of approximately one month for atrazine has been measured. 5 A considerably longer half-life of ®ve months was estimated for atrazine added to lake enclosures, 6 and microcosm experimental data appear to vary considerably depending on conditions (half-life 3±12 days for estuarine microcosms; 7 c 80 days for laboratory microcosm). 8 Other workers have also measured the half-life of atrazine to be in the order of four to eight months in small ponds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Abiotic persistence of atrazine and simazine in water

Comber

1999

Pestic. Sci.

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Hydrolysis and photolysis experiments have been undertaken to investigate the abiotic persistence of atrazine and simazine in a variety of waters. Hydrolysis only occurs to a signi®cant extent at pH values at the lower limit of those found in the natural aquatic environment (pH 4.0 or less). Photolysis was initiated by a wide range of wavelengths in waters at pH 4.0, but only by more energetic wavelengths of less than 300 nm at higher pH values (pH 6 to 8). Based on these data, the aquatic halflife of atrazine and simazine in well-lit acidic upland waters will be typically six days. In lowland rivers with higher pH (7 to 8.5), these triazines are likely to exhibit half-lives of months rather than days. In groundwaters, atrazine and simazine will have half-lives in the order of years, due to the exceedingly slow rate of hydrolysis.

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confidence: 99%

Abiotic persistence of atrazine and simazine in water

Comber

1999

Pestic. Sci.

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“…clay minerals and organic matter, and will therefore be deposited along with the adsorbed chemicals in sediment (Jones et al, 1982;Readman et al, 1993). Groundwater streams below poorly adsorptive soils which received atrazine treatment in the past need to be monitored for metabolite presence and the degradation products should be removed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil adsorption behaviour and photomineralization by photocatalytic membranes immobilizing titanium dioxide of atrazine and intermediates

2013

Issue 1

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The soil adsorption behaviour of atrazine and its photodegradation intermediate 4,6-diamino-2-chloro-1,3,5-s-triazine (I), was evaluated by measuring partition coefficients on five representative European topsoils using classical batch experiments. From this study, (I) appears to be less immobilised than atrazine itself, especially for typical agricultural soils. Consequently, (I) has a higher tendency to reach the saturated zones, and hence, the groundwater. In order to remove atrazine and its degradation products from groundwater prior to making it drinkable, photocatalytic degradation onto membranes immobilizing 30±3 wt.% TiO 2 has been investigated as a possible technology to mineralize these waters satisfactorily. For this purpose, experiments have been carried out using a pilot-plant facility, with 0.02 -0.10 mmol L -1 solutions of atrazine, as well as of compound (I) and of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-s-triazine (II). When employing an excess of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, the monitoring of chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as control by HPLC, showed that (II) was a photostable degradation product, owing to its resistance to attack by hydroxyl radicals. On the other hand, when kinetic runs were carried out onto membranes in the presence of dissolved oxygen only or of sub-stoichiometric quantities of H 2 O 2 , (II) could be quantitatively mineralized. A mechanism has been proposed, based on the possible direct involvement of holes in the irradiated semiconductor surface, together with superoxide anions, these latter being produced by the reaction of conduction band electrons with dissolved oxygen. This mechanism, which is inhibited by an excess of hydrogen peroxide, owing to its reaction yielding hydroxyl radicals by any route, is also substantiated by previous experiments, carried out in the presence of ozone, with and without photocatalytic promoters.

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“…However, they were produced in small amounts and never exceeded 10% of dosage. These degradation products have been well studied as microbial metabolites of atrazine 1,8,18,22,24,27) . Although various metabolic pathways have been described, the intermediates are found to be finally degraded to cyanuric acid (Details are summarized in "The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/ Biodegradation Database": http//www.labmed.umn.edu/umbbd/).…”

Section: Degradation Of Atrazine and Formation Of Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and Behavior of Benthic Microbes Able to Degrade Herbicide Atrazine in Naturally Derived Water/sediment Microcosm.

et al. 2002

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In a simple laboratory microcosm constituted of riverbed sediment and its associated water, rapid degradation of herbicide atrazine mainly to cyanuric acid occurred through microbial degradation. To elucidate the role and behavior of microbes involved in atrazine degradation, comparative microcosms constituted of different sediment/water conditions and constitutions were employed. Fluorescence microscopic observation and direct bacterial count by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-staining and CFU (colony forming unit) count by the plate method were also conducted to supplement the comparative study. As a result, planktonic microbes in the aqueous phase appeared not to be responsible for the initial degradation of atrazine, at least during the present experimental period of 70 days. The sediment was found to be important as a source of degrading microbes. However, once the degradation was initiated, the degrading activity in the aqueous phase was maintained without the sediment. Although CFU in aqueous phase increased with time, this increase in cell number seemed not to reflect the degrading activity. Large, glittering and whole particles, supposed to be microbial cells, were observed by DAPI-staining in the aqueous phase under a microscopic field only when active atrazine-degradation occurred. Therefore, they might be involved in the degrading activity.

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Degradation of Atrazine in Estuarine Water/Sediment Systems and Soils

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Abiotic persistence of atrazine and simazine in water

Abiotic persistence of atrazine and simazine in water

Soil adsorption behaviour and photomineralization by photocatalytic membranes immobilizing titanium dioxide of atrazine and intermediates

Role and Behavior of Benthic Microbes Able to Degrade Herbicide Atrazine in Naturally Derived Water/sediment Microcosm.

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