Degradation Mechanisms of C6/LiFePO4 Batteries: Experimental Analyses of Calendar Aging

Li, D Dongjiang; Danilov, Dmitri L.; Xie, Jie; Raijmakers, L.H.J.; Gao, Lu; Yang, Yong; Notten, Phl Peter

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.161

Cited by 82 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The factors influencing battery degradation, measured as capacity fade, can be divided in two; calendar ageing which is a function of time and cycle ageing which is a function of the number of charge/discharge cycles. Most of the capacity fade is caused by calendar ageing depending on the SOC and temperature during storage, which means that it is far more important how the battery is treated while idle than how it is used [29].…”

Section: E Considerations On Battery Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic value of electric vehicle reserve provision in the Nordic countries under driving requirements and charger losses

Thingvad

Ziras

Marinelli

2019

Journal of Energy Storage

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Section: E Considerations On Battery Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic value of electric vehicle reserve provision in the Nordic countries under driving requirements and charger losses

Thingvad

Ziras

Marinelli

2019

Journal of Energy Storage

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“…A lot of research has been carried out to investigate the degradation mechanisms of NMC batteries [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Generally, Li immobilization in the Solid-Electrolyte-Interface (SEI) at the graphite electrode is considered to be the main origin of the battery capacity losses [24][25][26][27][28][29]. The cathode material decay becomes significant under severe aging conditions, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent cycling performance and ageing mechanisms of C6/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 batteries

Danilov

et al. 2018

Journal of Power Sources

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“…However, these studies usually considered only a few storage SoCs or storage voltages. Most of the studies examined only three different values or fewer, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and there is one study that investigated five SoCs from 20% * Electrochemical Society Member. z E-mail: peter.keil@tum.de to 100%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Keil

Schuster

Wilhelm

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

436

288

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In this study, the calendar aging of lithium-ion batteries is investigated at different temperatures for 16 states of charge (SoCs) from 0 to 100%. Three types of 18650 lithium-ion cells, containing different cathode materials, have been examined. Our study demonstrates that calendar aging does not increase steadily with the SoC. Instead, plateau regions, covering SoC intervals of more than 20%-30% of the cell capacity, are observed wherein the capacity fade is similar. Differential voltage analyses confirm that the capacity fade is mainly caused by a shift in the electrode balancing. Furthermore, our study reveals the high impact of the graphite electrode on calendar aging. Lower anode potentials, which aggravate electrolyte reduction and thus promote solid electrolyte interphase growth, have been identified as the main driver of capacity fade during storage. In the high SoC regime where the graphite anode is lithiated more than 50%, the low anode potential accelerates the loss of cyclable lithium, which in turn distorts the electrode balancing. Aging mechanisms induced by high cell potential, such as electrolyte oxidation or transition-metal dissolution, seem to play only a minor role. To maximize battery life, high storage SoCs corresponding to low anode potential should be avoided.

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Degradation Mechanisms of C6/LiFePO4 Batteries: Experimental Analyses of Calendar Aging

Cited by 82 publications

References 68 publications

Economic value of electric vehicle reserve provision in the Nordic countries under driving requirements and charger losses

Economic value of electric vehicle reserve provision in the Nordic countries under driving requirements and charger losses

Temperature-dependent cycling performance and ageing mechanisms of C6/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 batteries

Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

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