Degradation and metabolism of Oxamyl and phenamiphos in soils

Ou, Li‐Tse; Rao, P. Suresh C.

doi:10.1080/03601238609372508

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Considerable amounts of aldicarb sulphone were also detected in all surface samples, whereas negligible amounts of aldicarb sulphone were detected in all subsurface samples. The results confirmed that the oxidation and hydrolysis of aldicarb in surface soil occurred more rapidly than it did in the subsurface soil (Ou & Rao, 1986). A given pesticide's likelihood of reaching the groundwater is affected by the degradation rates in the subsurface, as well as in the surface layers, of the unsaturated soil zone (Bromilow et al, 1986;Pothuluri et al, 1990;Bergstrom, 1996).…”

Section: Soil Depthsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Blumhorst (1996) suggested that the increase might be due to increased microbial activity in such soils. Ou and Rao (1986) reported that the total toxic residue of fenamiphos disappeared more rapidly in moist soil than in dry soil. At high soil-moisture levels, nematicidal compounds were more easily dissolved and dispersed, and therefore were more available for both chemical and microbial breakdown.…”

Section: Soil Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In soil, it is rapidly oxidised to fenamiphos sulphoxide, which is slowly oxidised into fenamiphos sulphone (Leonard et al, 1998). Both the primary oxidation products, fenamiphos sulphoxide and fenamiphos sulphone, have nematicidal activity and toxicity similar to that of fenamiphos (Waggoner & Khasawinah, 1974), with both products being more mobile (Bilkert & Rao, 1985) and persistent (Ou & Rao, 1986). Fenamiphos sulphone is further oxidised to the desisopropyl form, which has no nematicidal properties (Anderson, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Hugo

Mouton²,

Malan

2016

SAJEV

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Accelerated microbial degradation (AMD) of organophosphate and carbamate nematicides is a phenomenon whereby biodegradation in the soil is increased, leading to a dramatically shortened persistence of nematicides. More intensified agriculture practices in South Africa in response to the future demand for food may lead to increased pest and disease pressure, which in turn will lead to more frequent pesticide application. The same principle applies to plant-parasitic nematode control practices, and the overuse and misuse will have a pronounced effect on the enhancement of AMD. With limited management options available, the responsible use of nematicides becomes more pertinent. Producers should be aware of the problems associated with multiple soil applications of organophosphates and carbamates against plant-parasitic nematodes. This article reviews factors contributing to the AMD of carbamate and organophosphate nematicides in soil and makes practical recommendations to avoid the occurrence of AMD in vineyard and orchards.

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Section: Soil Depthsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Soil Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Hugo

Mouton²,

Malan

2016

SAJEV

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“…The targeted amount of fenamiphos applied in the field ranges between 10 and 45 mg kg -1 soil, which results in the use of 6-10 kg ha -1 under practical conditions depending on the crop. The halflife of fenamiphos has been reported to be 63 days (Ou and Rao 1986), although degradation of this nematicide in 14 days or less has been observed in soils with a history of repeated exposure ; Davis et al 1993). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Isolation and characterization of fenamiphos degrading bacteria

et al. 2010

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The biological factors responsible for the microbial breakdown of the organophosphorus nematicide fenamiphos were investigated. Microorganisms responsible for the enhanced degradation of fenamiphos were isolated from soil that had a long application history of this nematicide. Bacteria proved to be the most important group of microbes responsible for the fenamiphos biodegradation process. Seventeen bacterial isolates utilized the pure active ingredient fenamiphos as a carbon source. Sixteen isolates rapidly degraded the active ingredient in Nemacur 5GR. Most of the fenamiphos degrading bacteria were Microbacterium species, although Sinorhizobium, Brevundimonas, Ralstonia and Cupriavidus were also identified. This array of gram positive and gram negative fenamiphos degrading bacteria appeared to be pesticide-specific, since cross-degradation toward fosthiazate, another organophosphorus pesticide used for nematode control, did not occur. It was established that the phylogenetical relationship among nematicide degrading bacteria is closer than that to non-degrading isolates.

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“…They were maintained under laboratory conditions in the dark at 14±1ºC. The targeted amount of fenamiphos applied in the field ranges from 10 to 45 mg/kg soil which results in the use of 6-10 kg/ha under practical conditions depending on the crop [16,17]. It was reported that normal field application rates of fenamiphos can vary between 0.5 and 10 kg/ha, equivalent to 5 and 100 mg/kg soil [18,19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effect of Fenamiphos on the Earthworm, Eisenia fetida (Annelida: Oligochaeta)

Akat¹,

Arman²

2016

HJBC

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Ö Z E T S unulan bu çalışma, fenamiphosun toprak solucanı Eisenia fetida üzerine olumsuz etkilerini inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Toprak solucanları fenamiphosun farklı derişimlerine (5, 10 ve 20 mg/kg) maruz bırakıldı. Toprak solucanları 96 saat sonra ötenazi edildi ve solucanların fiksasyonu yapıldı. Toprak solucanlarının vücut duvarlarındaki (epidermis, halkasal ve boyuna kaslar), klorojen hücrelerindeki ve bağırsak epitelindeki histolojik değişiklikler değerlendirildi. Histopatolojik değişiklikler düşük doz (5 mg/kg) uygulama grubuna göre orta (10 mg/kg) ve yüksek doz (20 mg/kg) uygulama gruplarında daha belirgindi. Fenamiphos maruziyetinden sonra elde ettiğimiz bulgulara göre derideki ve bağırsak sistemindeki dejenerasyon bu iki sistemin fonksiyonunu tam olarak yerine getirememesi sonucu toprak solucanlarının canlılıklarını sürdürmeleri üzerine olumsuz etkiye neden olabilir. Anahtar KelimelerFenamiphos, toprak solucanı, bağırsak, vücut duvarı. A B S T R A C TT he aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time adverse effect of fenamiphos on the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of fenamiphos (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). After 96 h, earthworms were euthanized and fixed. Histological alterations in earthworm's body wall (epidermis, circular and longitudinal muscles), chloragogenous tissue and intestinal epithelium were assessed. Histopathological changes were more prominent in medium (10 mg/kg) and high-concentration (20 mg/ kg) groups than in the low-concentration (5 mg/kg) group. Degeneration in the intestine and integumentary system, as our results indicated after exposure to fenamiphos, are likely to interfere with the correct functioning of the intestine and integumentary system may affect earthworm survival.

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Degradation and metabolism of Oxamyl and phenamiphos in soils

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Isolation and characterization of fenamiphos degrading bacteria

Toxic Effect of Fenamiphos on the Earthworm, Eisenia fetida (Annelida: Oligochaeta)

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