Degradable and Bioadhesive Alginate-Based Composites: An Effective Hemostatic Agent

Abstract

The perfect hemostatic material should be capable of rapidly controlling substantial hemorrhaging from visceral organs, veins, and arteries. Ideally, it should be biodegradable, biocompatible, easily applied, and inexpensive. Herein, taking advantages of sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), and collagen, a degradable powdery hemostatic composite (SACC) was synthesized using emulsification and cross-linking technology. The morphology and structure of SACC were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This hemostatic material exhibited a typical generic sphere shape with narrow size distribution, rough surface, and satisfactory water absorption. Using in vitro bleeding and in vivo bleeding models (rat liver injury model and rat tail amputation model), it was shown that SACC had superior hemostatic actions compared to CMC and SA. Excellent cytocompatibility was proven during cytotoxicity tests and SEM observations. Histomorphological evaluation during the wound healing process proved the superior biocompatibility of SACC in a rat liver injury model. Biodegradability of SACC was demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we have demonstrated the enormous potential of SACC, which has excellent hemostatic activity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility properties for use in clinical hemostasis applications.

Recent Advances on Synthetic and Polysaccharide Adhesives for Biological Hemostatic Applications

“…On account of generic and narrow sphere shape, rough surface and high-water absorption, SACC showed better hemostatic effects than that of CMC and SA using the bleeding rat models. In addition, SACC exhibited good biocompatibility and biodegradability by histomorphological and immunofluorescent results, which can be used in the future clinical hemostasis applications (Huang et al, 2019).…”

“…Meanwhile, it promoted the migration of fibroblasts and accelerates wound healing speed of the mouse full-thickness skin defect model, which was developed into the promising nanocomposite materials for a variety of biomedical applications (Zhai et al, 2019). Huang et al (2019) prepared a hemostatic composite (SACC) microsphere via the crosslinked technology of sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and collagen. On account of generic and narrow sphere shape, rough surface and high-water absorption, SACC showed better hemostatic effects than that of CMC and SA using the bleeding rat models.…”

Application of Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Hemostasis

“…Adhesive self-healing hydrogels can also be used for incompressible hemostasis, such as bone bleeding [ 135 ]. The Alginate-Based Composites obtained by Huang et al combined the characteristics of sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) resulting in a better hemostatic effect than single-component SA or CMC, and good bioadhesive and degradable properties [ 136 ]. Wu et al synthesized microspheres with a porous chitosan core and a compact calcium alginate shell layer [ 76 ].…”

Separation and quantification of 2-keto-3-deoxy-gluconate (KDG) a major metabolite in pectin and alginate degradation pathways

“…Alginate lyases are present in a wide range of marine and terrestrial bacteria [16]. In addition to biofuel production, alginate derivatives can be used as therapeutic agents such as anticoagulants [17] and tumor inhibitors [18]. Furthermore, alginate lyase also shows great potential applications in treatments of cystic fibrosis by degrading the polysaccharide biofilm of bacteria .…”