Recent Advances on Synthetic and Polysaccharide Adhesives for Biological Hemostatic Applications

Abstract

Rapid hemostasis and formation of stable blood clots are very important to prevent massive blood loss from the excessive bleeding for living body, but their own clotting process cannot be completed in time for effective hemostasis without the help of hemostatic materials. In general, traditionally suturing and stapling techniques for wound closure are prone to cause the additional damages to the tissues, activated inflammatory responses, short usage periods and inevitable second operations in clinical applications. Especially for the large wounds that require the urgent closure of fluids or gases, these conventional closure methods are far from enough. To address these problems, various tissue adhesives, sealants and hemostatic materials are placed great expectation. In this review, we focused on the development of two main categories of tissue adhesive materials: synthetic polymeric adhesives and naturally derived polysaccharide adhesives. Research of the high performance of hemostatic adhesives with strong adhesion, better biocompatibility, easy usability and cheap price is highly demanded for both scientists and clinicians, and this review is also intended to provide a comprehensive summarization and inspiration for pursuit of more advanced hemostatic adhesives for biological fields.

An Injectable Hybrid Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)/Phenyl Isothiocyanate-Modified Gelatin (Gel-Phe) Bioadhesive for Oral/Dental Hemostasis Applications

“…Many studies have shown various materials such as fibrin-/silk- [ 15 ], polysaccharide- [ 16 ], and collagen-based adhesives [ 17 ], which can be used as soft hydrogels for hemostasis. Collagen is one of the essential extracellular matrices in gingival tissues [ 18 ].…”

Advances of Hydrogel-Based Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

“…Chitosan is a linear amino-polysaccharide with the backbone of β-(1–4)-linked D-glucosamine, which possesses favorable biocompatibility, biodegradability, high viscosity, and unique antibacterial property for bio-applications ( Yang et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2020b ; Tang et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2021b ; Yang et al, 2021c ). However, its poor solubility in neutral pH requires the manufacturing process in acidic condition for bio-ink preparation, which greatly limits cell viability and proliferation, especially for the direct bioprinting.…”

Polymeric Materials for Hemostatic Wound Healing

“…The reactive amino group of chitosan can be favorably modified for different applications. Research has established that modified chitosan can enhance hemostatic efficacy [49]. Nie et al, have developed a chitosan-based hydrogel adhesive sealant consisting of thiolated chitosan (CSS) and maleimide-modified ε-polylysine via Michael addition crosslinking, which indicated adhesive strengths of up to four times that of their non-functionalized un-crosslinked counterparts [50].…”