Degeneration after sexual differentiation in hydra and its relevance to the evolution of aging

Yoshida, Kengo; Fujisawa, Toshitaka; Hwang, Jung Shan; Ikeo, Kazuho; Gojobori, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.06.031

Cited by 77 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Hydra can also go through sexual reproduction, where they will make male and/or female gonads and stimulate a sexual cycle (Littlefield et al, 1991;Martin et al, 1997). They tend to reproduce sexually under stressful conditions such as variations in water temperature or other environmental stimuli that precede declines in population density (Brien, 1953;Ribi et al, 1985;Martin et al, 1997;Yoshida et al, 2006).…”

Section: Fast Reproductive Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydra, a model system for environmental studies

Quinn¹,

Gagné²,

Blaise³

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Hydra have been extensively used for studying the teratogenic and toxic potential of numerous toxins throughout the years and are more recently growing in popularity to assess the impacts of environmental pollutants. Hydra are an appropriate bioindicator species for use in environmental assessment owing to their easily measurable physical (morphology), biochemical (xenobiotic biotransformation; oxidative stress), behavioural (feeding) and reproductive (sexual and asexual) endpoints. Hydra also possess an unparalleled ability to regenerate, allowing the assessment of teratogenic compounds and the impact of contaminants on stem cells. Importantly, Hydra are ubiquitous throughout freshwater environments and relatively easy to culture making them appropriate for use in small scale bioassay systems. Hydra have been used to assess the environmental impacts of numerous environmental pollutants including metals, organic toxicants (including pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds), nanomaterials and industrial and municipal effluents. They have been found to be among the most sensitive animals tested for metals and certain effluents, comparing favourably with more standardised toxicity tests. Despite their lack of use in formalised monitoring programmes, Hydra have been extensively used and are regarded as a model organism in aquatic toxicology.

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Section: Fast Reproductive Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However there is a cost for sexual reproduction. Sexually reproducing organisms undergo aging (Brien, 1953;Yoshida et al, 2006). The price of aging is the result of facilitating reproduction in the early life stage of organisms.…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydra, a model system for environmental studies

Quinn¹,

Gagné²,

Blaise³

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…Indeed, in adulthood, both models show: 1) a continuous tissue replacement due to a stock of mitotically active stem cells (unique in planarians -the neoblasts -, triple in Hydra -the ectodermal epithelial, endodermal epithelial and interstitial stem cells; 2) a stock of adult pluripotent stem cells that produce throughout the life of the animals both germ cells and somatic cells [12][13][14][15] (a rather special case in eumetazoans that usually segregate their germ cells during early embryonic development); 3) an efficient asexual reproduction (budding in Hydra, fission in planaria); 4) the amazing property to regenerate almost any missing part of the body after injury; 5) an apparent lack of aging, at least as long as the animals are kept asexual [16][17][18] . Molecular and cellular tools to dissect the mechanisms underlying regeneration have been developed recently in both model systems.…”

Section: Strengths Of the Hydra Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydra model: disclosing an apoptosis-driven generator of Wnt-based regeneration

Galliot

Chera²

2010

Trends in Cell Biology

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The Hydra model system is well suited to decipher the mechanisms underlying adult regeneration, opening the possibility to characterize those that have been robust enough to be maintained across evolutionary time. The detailed analysis of the activation of the Wnt-βcatenin pathway in bisected Hydra actually shows that the route taken to regenerate a structure as complex as the head dramatically varies according to the amputation level. When decapitation induces a direct redevelopment thanks to Wnt3 signaling from the epithelial cells, head regeneration after midgastric section relies first on Wnt3 signaling from the interstitial cells that undergo apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation and secondarily activate Wnt3 signaling in the epithelial cells. The relative distribution between stem cells and head progenitor cells is strikingly different in these two contexts indicating that the pre-amputation homeostatic conditions define and constrain the route that bridges wound healing to the re-development program of the missing structure.

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“…Recently, it has been shown that after sexual differentiation (which may occur in the hydra usually when the environmental conditions are not favourable), the sexually differentiated individuals often experience a decline in their capacity of capturing food, movement and reproduction, and the mortality rate of the population experiences a sharp peak, typical of ageing populations. [36,37] Therefore, the ability to reproduce sexually, that is, to increase genetic variability, comes at the price of the parent individual ageing and eventually dying, but leaving behind progeny with increased genetic diversity, in the hope that the progeny would survive.…”

Section: The Tremendous Cost Of Living Forevermentioning

confidence: 99%