Deformation of Trees in Hawaii and its Relation to Wind

Noguchi, Yasuo

doi:10.2307/2259116

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The direction of deformation matches the expected range of northeast trade winds between 33.5 (NE) to 68.5 (ENE) degrees from true north (Juvik and Juvik, 1988). Relative levels of vegetation deformation were ranked on an ordinal scale from 0 to 5 (Noguchi, 1979). These observations were used to create a wind map using Geographic Information Systems software (Environmental Systems Research Institute).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind erosion and intensive prehistoric agriculture: A case study from the Kalaupapa field system, Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i

McCoy

Hartshorn

2007

Geoarchaeology

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Wind erosion is a major problem for modern farmers, a key variable affecting nutrient levels in ecosystems, and a potentially major force impacting archaeological site formation; however, it has received scant consideration in geoarchaeological studies of agricultural development compared with more easily quantifiable environmental costs, such as vegetation change or fluvial erosion. In this study, soil nutrient analysis is used in the Kalaupapa field system, Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i, to detect an increase in wind erosion attributable to intensive agriculture following the burning of endemic forest. This practice began on a small scale in the 13th century A.D., expanded around cal A.D. 1450-1550, and continued until the near total abandonment of the fields after European contact in the 18th century. Nutrients that naturally occur in high amounts in coastal windward areas due to the long-term, cumulative effect of sea spray were especially impacted. However, thanks to the unique landform of the Kalaupapa Peninsula, nutrient depletion in windward areas was offset by downwind enrichment and likely contributed to the long-term sustainability of the system as a whole. Future research on tropical and arid agriculture should consider the cumulative environmental cost of increased eolian erosion attributable to anthropogenic landscape modification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind erosion and intensive prehistoric agriculture: A case study from the Kalaupapa field system, Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i

McCoy

Hartshorn

2007

Geoarchaeology

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“…Dominant wind direction (north, north-east, east, south-east, south, south-west, west, north-west) was recorded from the photographs on the basis of the orientations of distortions to vegetation surrounding the target cushion, following Noguchi (1979), Robertson (1987) and Wooldridge et al (1996). We assumed that asymmetry in mosses, herbs and grasses was equivalent to asymmetry in tree crowns.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysis In Spatial-comparison Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variation in damage and dieback in a threatened subantarctic cushion species

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A decline was observed in the subantarctic Macquarie Island endemic cushion, Azorella macquariensis, during the summer of 2008-2009, resulting in the listing of the species as critically endangered in 2010. Photographs of A. macquariensis in the period 2009-2013 were used to (1) identify types of damage, (2) determine the likely causes of three distinct types of damage, (3) establish whether dieback was spreading from affected to unaffected sites and (4) find out whether dieback was associated with the expansion of Agrostis magellanica. Grey damage occurred on the most windexposed parts of cushions and on the most wind-exposed sites. Speck damage occurred in the opposite situations and was consistent in its location, attributes and timing with rabbit grazing. Yellow dieback was sporadic in its occurrence. Its symptoms were consistent with those of a pathogen. Yellow damage expanded between spring 2009 and autumn 2010, with neither grey nor speck damage increasing. Yellow damage was associated with a marked decline in live cushion cover in plots between 2010 and 2013. The cushion was not eliminated from any plots, despite increased cover of A. magellanica in plots with dead cushions. Only one site not affected by yellow damage in 2010 had become affected by 2013. Given these results, and given that yellow damage has been observed in the past, 2008-2010 may have been an infrequent extreme outbreak of a pathogen and/or a response of a pathogen to ongoing climatic change.

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“…38(146):43-52, enero-marzo de 2014 la exposición al viento, el cual ejerce una fuerte presión de adaptación por anemomorfósis (Váczy, 1980) y provoca en las plantas respuestas como el 'abanderamiento'. El "efecto bandera", estudiado desde hace tiempo en sitios como las islas Británicas (Oliver, 1960) y Hawai (Noguchi, 1979), constituye un alargamiento del follaje de la planta en el sentido en que predomina la dirección del viento y es mayor en aquellas áreas donde la fuerza y la velocidad del viento son elevadas, es decir, en los sitios más expuestos a la acción eólica. Este fenómeno es común en árboles y arbustos como P. juliflora (Figura 2) y Parkinsonia praecox (Ruiz & Pav.)…”

Section: Fisonomíaunclassified

Notas sobre la vegetación desértica del Parque Eólico Jepírachi, Alta Guajira, Colombia

Agudelo

Zuluaga-Ramírez

2014

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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ResumenA fin de describir la vegetación del Parque Eólico Jepírachi (municipio de Uribia, Alta Guajira), se realizó un muestreo entre el 24 de septiembre y el 1 de octubre de 2001. En el área domina una comunidad vegetal compuesta por las especies Castela erecta, Prosopis juliflora y Opuntia caracasana. En general, la estructura presenta coberturas bajas, abundancias moderadas y portes reducidos. La mayor parte del matorral se distribuye en las terrazas, superficies de denudación y dunas, muy expuestas a vientos fuertes, los cuales ocasionan una xeromorfia acentuada y procesos de 'anemomorfósis' en las plantas.Palabras clave: desierto, xeromorfosis, viento, anemomorfósis, Jepírachi, Alta Guajira. Notes on desert vegetation of the Jepírachi Wind Farm in the Alta Guajira, Colombia AbstractIn order to describe the vegetation of the Jepirachi windfarm (Uribia, Alta Guajira), samples were taken from 24 September to 1 October 2001. The plant community in the area is mainly composed of Castela erecta, Prosopis juliflora and Opuntia caracasana. In general, the predominant structure is of sparse coverage, moderate abundance and reduced height. Most of the scrubs are distributed on the terraces, denudation surfaces and dunes, very exposed to strong winds. Winds induce xeromorphic characteristics in plants, also causing processes of anemomorphosys.Key words: Desert, xerophytia, wind, anemomorphosys, Jepírachi, Alta Guajira. (1976). Recientemente, Rangel (2012) recopiló los aspectos florísticos de la región Caribe, trabajo en el cual incluyó una descripción fitosociológica que amplía los resultados del estudio de Rieger (1976) en la península.Uno de los factores que modelan las formaciones y el paisaje en la Alta Guajira son los vientos extremadamente fuertes. El primer efecto directo del viento es el arrastre de la humedad del aire, pero, además, el viento es muy efectivo en el transporte de arena de cierto tamaño, lo que ejerce una acción abrasiva sobre el paisaje (Okin, et al., 2006). Igualmente, la formación de dunas y su movimiento se deben a dicho factor. A pesar de la importancia del viento en los desiertos, no se ha hecho suficiente énfasis en las respuestas de la vegetación a esta fuerza física y solo se ha documentado la forma en que las especies leñosas se achaparran y la deformación de la arquitectura de las plantas en el sentido en que sopla el viento (efecto bandera) (Hernández, et al., 1995a).El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer algunas características fisonómicas, florísticas y estructurales de la vegetación del Parque Eólico Jepírachi, ubicado en una de las zonas con mayor fuerza del viento en el país (Pinilla, et al., 2009), el cual es muy importante por ser el primero de su clase en Colombia.

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Deformation of Trees in Hawaii and its Relation to Wind

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Wind erosion and intensive prehistoric agriculture: A case study from the Kalaupapa field system, Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i

Wind erosion and intensive prehistoric agriculture: A case study from the Kalaupapa field system, Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i

Spatial and temporal variation in damage and dieback in a threatened subantarctic cushion species

Notas sobre la vegetación desértica del Parque Eólico Jepírachi, Alta Guajira, Colombia

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