Deformation monitoring using GNSS-R technology

Yang, Yang; Zheng, Yu; Yu, Weiping; Chen, Wu; Weng, Duojie

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2019.01.033

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…To acquire and track the direct signal, a software receiver is exploited. In our previous work, the software receiver has been successfully applied for deformation monitoring based on GNSS-R technology in [32], which implies that the software receiver is reliable and stable.…”

Section: Signal Synchronization and Signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving Target Imaging Using GNSS-Based Passive Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Current studies of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-based bistatic synthetic aperture radar (GNSS-SAR) is focused on static objects on land. However, moving target imaging is also very significant for modern SAR systems. Imaging a moving target has two main problems. One is the unknown range cell migration; the other is the motion parameter estimation, such as the target’s velocity. This paper proposes a moving target imaging formation algorithm for GNSS-SAR. First, an approximate bistatic range history is derived to describe the phase variation of the target signal along the azimuth time. Then, a keystone transform is employed to correct the range cell migration. To address the motion parameter estimation, a chirp rate estimation method based on short-time Fourier transform and random sample consensus is proposed with high processing efficiency and robust estimation errors in low signal-to-noise ratio scenes. The estimated chirp rate can calculate the target’s velocity. Finally, azimuth compression derivation is performed to accomplish GNSS-SAR imaging. A maritime experimental campaign is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The two cargo ships in the SAR images have good accordance with the ground truth in terms of the target-to-receiver vertical distances along the range and the ships’ length along the cross-range.

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Section: Signal Synchronization and Signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations ( 31) and (32) show that which azimuth matched filter is chosen depends on the target's moving direction. For example, (31) corresponds to the target moving towards the right side in Figure 3b, while (32) corresponds to the opposite direction.…”

Section: Azimuth Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Target Imaging Using GNSS-Based Passive Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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“…The methodology of the GNSS-Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) was first introduced by Martin-Neira (1993) to perform ocean altimetry for retrieving the height of the ocean over a reference ellipsoid. After that, in many studies related to the estimation of the snowpack (Larson et al 2009;Ozeki & Heki 2012;Gutmann et al 2012;Chen et al 2014;Jin et al 2016;Tunalioglu et al, 2019), soil moisture (Larson et al 2008;Larson et al, 2010;Roussel et al 2016;Zhang et al 2017;Han et al 2020;Altuntas & Tunalioglu, 2020a), sea-level tide (Anderson 2000;Xi et al 2018), deformation monitoring (Yang et al 2019), etc., the GNSS-IR methodology has been implemented successfully.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieving the SNR metrics with different antenna configurations for GNSS-IR

Altuntaş

Tunalıoğlu

2022

Turkish Journal of Engineering

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Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) Smartphone Horizon-looking antenna Multipath, which is a major source of error for precise positioning, is the effect that occurs when Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals reach the receiver by reflecting from one or more surfaces. Reflected signals affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data provided by the receiver, indicating the signal strength. The structure of the antenna of the receiver and the direction in which it is oriented also change the strength of the received signal. In this study, the effect of antenna orientation and polarization on SNR data was demonstrated by using the method called GNSS-Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR), in terms of reflector height estimates. A geodetic GNSS receiver (CHC i50) and two different smartphones (Xiaomi Mi8 and Xiaomi Mi8 Lite) were used in the four-day experiments. The geodetic receiver was established as zenith-looking (ZL) in the first two days and as horizon-looking (HL) in the last two days. Smartphones were placed on the same mast with the HL receiver in the last two days. It was seen that it is more appropriate to use a 0°-60° satellite elevation angle range in the common use of all receivers' data. In the 30°-60° range where the ZL installation receives the multipath signals weakly, it has been found that the HL receiver and smartphones have reflector height estimation accuracies with values ranging from 1.9 cm to 2.5 cm. In short, for different elevation angle ranges, accuracies below 2 cm could be obtained with each receiver. Thus, different antenna configurations may be used in GNSS-IR studies, depending on the characteristics of the study area and the surface feature to be determined.

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“…When the radio signal transmitted from the navigation satellite impinges on the target, it is reflected and contains the target information, then a satellite-based, aircraft-based, or ground-based receiver is employed to capture this signal and retrieve the physical parameters such as vegetation optical depth, soil moisture, sea ice surface, and ocean surface wind speed [1,2]. Especially, when the receiver is installed at a fixed position on the ground, the receiver can be used for target imaging [3][4][5][6], maritime target detection [7,8], and surface deformation monitoring [9,10]. GNSS signals are particularly attractive given their advantages of multiple frequencies, low cost, and global coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNR Enhancement of Back Scattering Signals for Bistatic Radar Based on BeiDou GEO Satellites

Yan

Gong

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Using scattering signals of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for target detection has become one of the research hotspots. This technology faces the difficulty of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) target echoes. Since BeiDou geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites provide the opportunity to form a bistatic radar with some advantages, such as fixed coverage area and quasi monostatic configuration to avoid the interference from the direct signals, the target echoes may have regular phases that are beneficial to SNR enhancement. This study uses BeiDou GEO satellites and ground fixed receivers to form a bistatic radar and analyzes the phase changes in the reflected signal caused by the target, then gives two methods for SNR enhancement corresponding to two applications: deformation monitoring and ship detection. This paper first introduces the basic signal processing including the intermediate frequency (IF) signal collector and the range compression in the software receiver, then describes the basic SNR enhancement method, i.e., increasing coherence integration time (CIT), and shows its limitation by two target cases: static metal reflector on the land and ships in the water. After that, this study provides an improved SNR enhancement method based on Doppler and range compensation in the moving ship detection case. The experiment shows that by the SNR enhancement, the SNRs of target echo signals in range/Doppler domain increase more than 4 dB on average. This study also demonstrates the bistatic radar’s potential for monitoring surface deformation.

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Deformation monitoring using GNSS-R technology

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Moving Target Imaging Using GNSS-Based Passive Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Moving Target Imaging Using GNSS-Based Passive Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Retrieving the SNR metrics with different antenna configurations for GNSS-IR

SNR Enhancement of Back Scattering Signals for Bistatic Radar Based on BeiDou GEO Satellites

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