Deformation Mechanism, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties Evolution of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr Alloy during Cold Torsion

Xiao, Haifang; Yang, Zhengjiang; Li, Jie; Wan, Yingchun

doi:10.3390/ma14082067

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Considering Reaction (10), the reduction of Cr 2 O 3 proceeds at 1263 • C. It is worth noting that during Reactions ( 8)-( 13), hot CO gas is continuously generated which permeates from the smelting zone upwards through the furnace bed. The hot CO gas acts as a reductant, partially reducing chromite [69]. The effect of CO(g) partial pressure was, however, not considered here.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Hydrogen as a Potential Reductant in the Chromite Smelting Industry

et al. 2022

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The chromium (Cr) content of stainless steel originates from recycled scrap and/or ferrochrome (FeCr), which is mainly produced by the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. Ever-increasing pressure on FeCr producers to curtail carbon emissions justifies migration from traditional FeCr production routes. The interaction between hydrogen and chromite only yields water, foregoing the generation of significant volumes of CO-rich off-gas during traditional smelting procedures. For this reason, the use of hydrogen as a chromite reductant is proposed. In addition to thermodynamic modelling, the influence of temperature, time, and particle size on the reduction of chromite by hydrogen was investigated. It was determined that, at the explored reduction parameters, the iron (Fe)-oxides presented in chromite could be metalized and subsequently removed by hot-acid leaching. The Cr-oxide constituency of chromite did not undergo appreciable metalization. However, the removal of Fe from the chromite spinel allowed the formation of eskolaite with the composition of (Cr1.4Al0.6)O3 in the form of an exsolved phase, which may adversely affect the reducibility of chromite. The study includes the limitations of incorporating hydrogen as a reductant into existing FeCr production infrastructure and proposes possible approaches and considerations.

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Section: Thermodynamic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Hydrogen as a Potential Reductant in the Chromite Smelting Industry

et al. 2022

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“…28 In the Mg-Gd alloy, gadolinium ions are doped instead of magnesium ions into the hydroxide layer to improve corrosion resistance. 29 Zinc and strontium ions not only act as trace elements involved in normal material metabolisms in the human body, but also help express the markers of early osteogenic differentiation such as COL-I and ALP. Moreover, the addition of zinc ions enhances the ductility and plasticity of the magnesium alloy, causing the alloy to adopt a complex shape and contour to match an anatomical site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect and mechanism of a novel Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Yang

Liu

et al. 2022

J Biomater Appl

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We investigated the effect and mechanism of a novel Mg-3Nd-1Gd-0.3Sr-0.2Zn-0.4Zr (abbreviated to Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr) alloy on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats. Cultured cells were divided into five groups: a control group cultured in osteogenic induction medium alone without Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy extract, and four experimental groups cultured in the same medium with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy extracts, respectively. After 14 days of culture, ALP activity was determined and expressions of osteogenesis-related factors Runx2, OCN, and OPN at the mRNA level and Runx2, OCN, and OPN at the protein level were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. After 21 days of culture, mineralized nodules were detected by alizarin red staining. The results showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were successfully isolated in vitro using the whole bone marrow adherence method. Flow cytometry revealed that the cells expressed high levels of CD44 and CD90, but low levels of CD31 and CD45. Alizarin red staining indicated the formation of mineralized nodules in all five groups. Compared with the control group, the number of mineralized nodules was increased significantly in the four experimental groups ( p < 0.05). The ALP activity in each group was significantly higher on day 14 than on day 7, and was significantly higher in the four experimental groups compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the ALP activity was highest when the concentration of Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy extract was 75% ( p < 0.05). RT-PCR results showed that, compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of Runx2, OPN, and OCN was significantly higher in the four experimental groups ( p < 0.05), and the highest mRNA expression of Runx2, OPN, and OCN was observed in the 75% experimental group ( p < 0.05). Western blotting showed that Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy extract significantly increased the protein expression of Runx2, OCN, and OPN compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). Our data indicate that the novel Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy can promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. During this process, there is an increase in the expressions of Runx2, OPN, and OCN mRNAs and Runx2, OCN, and OPN proteins.

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“…It has been demonstrated that rare earth (RE) elements alloying is the most useful modification treatment to enhance mechanical properties of Mg alloys [ 4 ]. In recent years, numerous researches have been focused on Mg alloys with heavy RE elements, as an illustration of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zr [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr [ 8 ], Mg-Yb-Gd-Zn-Zr [ 9 ] and Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zn-Zr [ 10 ] alloys are developed, and these alloy usually exhibits excellent mechanical properties. However, the high content of heavy RE elements in matrix alloy increases the cost of alloys and reduces the advantages of lightweight structural alloy materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Solution Treatment Time on Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2.0Nd-2.0Sm-0.4Zn-0.4Zr Alloy

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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The effect of solution treatment time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aged the Mg-2.0Nd-2.0Sm-0.4Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy were investigated to give full play to the performance of the alloy. As the solution treatment time increased from 2 h to 12 h at 788 K, the grain size of the solution-treated alloy significantly increased, and the network-like β-Mg12(Nd, Sm, Zn) phase gradually dissolved into the α-Mg matrix. It should be noted that no obvious residual β phase can be observed when the solution treatment time was more than 8 h. After the solution-treated alloy was further aged at 473 K for 18 h, a large number of nanoscale precipitates were observed in the α-Mg matrix. The solution treatment time was 2 h, the α-Mg matrix mainly consisted of spherical-shaped and basal plate-shaped precipitates. Upon the increase of solution treatment time to 8 h, the key strengthening phases transformed from spherical-shaped precipitates and basal plate-shaped precipitates to prismatic plate-shaped β′ precipitates. The orientation relationship between β′ precipitates and α-Mg matrix was (1¯10)β′ // (11¯00)α and [112]β′ // the [224¯3]α. Further increasing of solution treatment time from 8 h to 12 h, the key strengthening phases mainly were still β′ precipitates. The solution treatment of aged alloy was carried out at 788 K for 8 h, which achieved optimal ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 261 ± 4.1 MPa, yield strength (YS) of 154 ± 1.5 MPa, and elongation of 5.8 ± 0.1%, respectively.

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Deformation Mechanism, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties Evolution of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr Alloy during Cold Torsion

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

The Use of Hydrogen as a Potential Reductant in the Chromite Smelting Industry

The Use of Hydrogen as a Potential Reductant in the Chromite Smelting Industry

Effect and mechanism of a novel Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Influence of Solution Treatment Time on Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2.0Nd-2.0Sm-0.4Zn-0.4Zr Alloy

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