Luminescent security printing is of particular importance in the information era. However, the use of conventional paper still carries a lot of economic and environmental issues. Therefore, developing new environmentally friendly security printing material with a low cost is imperative. To achieve the aforementioned goals, novel lanthanide polyoxometalate doped gelatin/glycerol films with high transparency, high strength, and good flexibility have been developed via a solution-casting method. The electrostatic interaction between zwitterionic gelatin and polyoxometalate was confirmed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Luminescent spectra and digital images indicated that the films exhibited reversible luminescent switching properties through association and dissociation of hydrogen bonds between glycerol and water molecules, allowing its potential application as water-jet rewritable paper for luminescent security printing. Furthermore, the printed information can be conveniently "erased" by heating, and the film can be reused for printing. The film exhibited excellent ability to be both rewritten and re-erased. A QR code pattern and hybrid printing were employed to improve the security of information. In addition, the rewritable films possessed excellent regeneration ability and low toxicity, as well as good stability against UV irradiation and organic solvents. The water-jet rewritable film based on lanthanide polyoxometalate for luminescent security printing, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been reported up to date. This work provides an attractive alternative strategy on fabricating rewritable films for luminescent security printing in terms of cutting down the cost, simplifying the preparation process, and protecting the environment.
Single object tracking, in which a target is often initialized manually in the first frame and then is tracked and located automatically in the subsequent frames, is a hot topic in computer vision. The traditional tracking-by-detection framework, which often formulates tracking as a binary classification problem, has been widely applied and achieved great success in single object tracking. However, there are some potential issues in this formulation. For instance, the boundary between the positive and negative training samples is fuzzy, and the objectives of tracking and classification are inconsistent. In this paper, we attempt to address the above issues from the fuzzy system perspective and propose a novel tracking method by formulating tracking as a fuzzy classification problem. First, we introduce the fuzzy strategy into tracking and propose a novel fuzzy tracking framework, which can measure the importance of the training samples by assigning different memberships to them and offer more strict spatial constraints. Second, we develop a fuzzy least squares support vector machine (FLS-SVM) approach and employ it to implement a concrete tracker. In particular, the primal form, dual form, and kernel form of FLS-SVM are analyzed and the corresponding closed-form solutions are derived for efficient realizations. Besides, a least squares regression model is built to control the update adaptively, retaining the robustness of the appearance model. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve comparable or superior performance to many state-of-the-art methods.
Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in a variety of human diseases. The dysregulation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) phenotype is a critical early event in the fibrotic process. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in LSEC still remains unclear.
Methods
The expression level of lncRNA Airn was evaluated in both human fibrotic livers and serums, as well as mouse fibrotic livers. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to detect the effect of Airn on LSEC differentiation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in liver fibrosis. Furthermore, RIP, RNA pull-down-immunoblotting, and ChIP experiments were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of Airn.
Results
We have identified Airn was significantly upregulated in liver tissues and LSEC of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Moreover, the expression of AIRN in fibrotic human liver tissues and serums was remarkably increased compared with healthy controls. In vivo studies showed that Airn deficiency aggravated CCl4- and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis, while Airn over-expression by AAV8 alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Furthermore, we revealed that Airn maintained LSEC differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Airn inhibited HSC activation indirectly by regulating LSEC differentiation and promoted hepatocyte (HC) proliferation by increasing paracrine secretion of Wnt2a and HGF from LSEC. Mechanistically, Airn interacted with EZH2 to maintain LSEC differentiation through KLF2-eNOS-sGC pathway, thereby maintaining HSC quiescence and promoting HC proliferation.
Conclusions
Our work identified that Airn is beneficial to liver fibrosis by maintaining LSEC differentiation and might be a serum biomarker for liver fibrogenesis.
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