Deformation Measurement Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner for Cultural Heritage

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Historical structures are one of the most essential element of cultural heritage. They reflect history, lifestyle and tradition of a country and society. However, they are damaged through the years due to human activities and natural hazards. Therefore, digital documentation of structures and monuments is critical for preservation, sustainability and protection of cultural heritage. Terrestrial laser scanner is a widespread used tool for obtaining 3D representation of real world. In this study, we aimed to measure deformation of deformed minaret of a historical mosque using terrestrial laser scanner. In order to represent the geometry of the deformed minaret with high accuracy, 31 horizontal sections were created from the transition segment to the spire of the minaret with 30 cm intervals. The changing curvatures of the minaret were analysed in three parts; cylindrical part, balcony part and upper part. The offsets from the vertical axes for the parts of the minaret were found as 10.14 cm, 13.97 cm and 16.51 cm, respectively.

A Case Study of Deformation Measurements of Istanbul Land Walls via Terrestrial Laser Scanning

“…As the result, column was found to move from its preliminary position on 66 mm. Similar research is shown in [14], where the 386 years old historical mosque in Istanbul was chosen for the study due to the inclination of its minaret. The minaret was divided into 31 sections and for each section inclination values were calculated.…”

Implementation of virtual reference points in registering scanning images of tall structures

“…The need to filter out outliers arises from the fact that some of the points do not actually represent the analysed structure [6]. Those points appear as a result of the laser beam's reflection from other objects, of approaching the angular threshold of measurement, of the changes in the chimney surface albedo, or the local imperfections of the structure.…”

“…Among its advantages, one should definitely point out the ease and speed of use (up to 1 million points per second); precision (up to mm level accuracy) with a high point density, noninvasive, and remote character of the measurement (also in very low light conditions); and the possibility of remote operation (especially important in life-threatening or healthendangering conditions). All these contribute to the fact that the TLS technique is now applied in as built surveys of buildings and structures for the purpose of documentation of their existing condition and checking compliance with the project [1][2][3][4]; creating the precise 3D models of structures of various types for design purposes [5]; documenting historical objects [6,7]; or destruction, deformation, and monitoring of engineering constructions and excavations [3,6,[8][9][10][11][12]; surveying of tunnels and rail tracks [13]; calculating volumes; applying building information modeling (BIM) [1,2]; monitoring the stability of the earth's structures [14]; and geotechnical and geological mapping in mining.…”

Determining the rate of erosion and lichen spread on Samaipata rock by comparing 3D laser scan results from two different surveying epochs

“…The latest advances in surveying technology, particularly that of 3D terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), give the opportunity to study damage and material decay using analysis of 3D point clouds generated by different instruments and techniques [2], [3]. Among them, TLS data are widely and successfully used for structural health monitoring in both civil engineering [4] and cultural heritage [5]. This paper focuses on detecting changes to a monument inflicted by climatic erosion, human activity, the spread of lichen, and the progress of archaeological excavations.…”