Deformable semiconductors with interfaces: Basic continuum equations

Daher, Naoum; Maugin, Gérard A.

doi:10.1016/0020-7225(87)90076-0

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Iv pdv = f + Vi(Pvi)] dv; (3) I j"nda = f Vjdv + f miEiiida; (4) -fi5nda = f[+i(iui)]da (5) L7 Jrds = L (6) where '7 = mV is the surface gradient operator.8 Equations (3) through (6) can be substituted into equation (1) to obtain the local form of the mass balance in the volume V and on the surface electrodes o:…”

Section: Conservation Of Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrotransport and deformation model of ion exchange membrane-based actuators

Enikov¹,

Nelson²

2000

Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD)

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A continuum mechanical model of Nafion based metal-polymer actuators is presented. Global integral postulates are written for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and charge, Gauss' law, and the second law of thermodynamics. The global equations are then localized in the volume and on the material surfaces bounding the polymer. A finite element formulation is used to predict the evolution of the counter ion concentration, "free" water content, electric potential, and stress/strain during actuation. The model includes stress relaxation phenomena due to water flow governed by Darcy's law.

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Section: Conservation Of Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrotransport and deformation model of ion exchange membrane-based actuators

Enikov¹,

Nelson²

2000

Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD)

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“…By means of transport and divergence theorems (18,19), the integral in eq 1 is rewritten to obtain its local form:…”

Section: Description Of the Deformation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Muscle-Like Ionic Polymer Actuators

Enikov

Seo

2006

Biotechnol. Prog.

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Ionic polymers are a promising material for the development of muscle-like actuators. These materials are capable of undergoing significant deformation when structured as metal-polymer-metal composite sheets. The mechanical characteristics of these sheets, such as flexibility, softness, and ability to undergo large deformation in direct contact with water, have led some to consider these as possible artificial muscles. This paper describes the numerical analysis of an electrochemical model of the deformation of muscle-like polymers. A general continuum model describing the transport and deformation processes of these actuators is briefly presented, along with a detailed description of the simulation scheme used to predict deformation, current, and mass transport. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental data, indicating a significant role of water transport in the large-scale deformation. The model is also used to draw a comparison between the performance of natural muscles and muscle-like polymer actuators.

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“…By means of transport and divergence theorems [8,9] the integrals in equation (1) are rewritten to obtain the local form of the mass balance in the volume V :…”

Section: Conservation Of Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Large deformation model of ion-exchange actuators using electrochemical potentials</title>

Enikov

Seo

2002

SPIE Proceedings

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A composite actuator based on a polymer electrolyte and metal electrodes is described. Electrode deposition is described qualitatively with corresponding experimental results. A general continuum model describing the transport and deformation of solid polymer electrolyte processes is developed. The formulation is based on global integral postulates for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, charge, and the second law of thermodynamics. The global equations are then localized in the volume and on the material surfaces bounding the polymer. The model is simplified to a three component system of a fixed negatively charged polymeric matrix, diffusing hydroxonium ions, and free water within the polymer matrix. Contrary to the existing electrostatic models, the deformation is attributed to water induced swelling. The proposed internal pressure based model includes the stress relaxation phenomenon due to water redistribution governed by Darcy's law.

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Deformable semiconductors with interfaces: Basic continuum equations

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Electrotransport and deformation model of ion exchange membrane-based actuators

Electrotransport and deformation model of ion exchange membrane-based actuators

Numerical Analysis of Muscle-Like Ionic Polymer Actuators

<title>Large deformation model of ion-exchange actuators using electrochemical potentials</title>

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