Defluoridation of Groundwater Using Raw Bauxite: Rural Domestic Defluoridation Technology

Sajidu, S.M.I.; Kayira, Chikumbusho; Masamba, W.R.L.; Mwatseteza, Jonas

doi:10.5539/enrr.v2n3p1

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…These include activated carbons [81,82,83,84,85,86], activated alumina [87,88,89,90], bauxite [89,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102], hematite [95,103,104,105], polymeric resins [67,96,97,106], activated rice husk [83,98,99,107], brick powder [100], pumice stone [101,108,109], red soil, charcoal, brick, fly ash, serpentine [102,110,111], seed extracts of Moringa oleifera [98], granular ceramics [112], chitin, chitosan and alginate [95,113,114,115,116,117,118,119], modified ferric oxide/hydroxide [120,121,122,123,124,125,126], hydroxyapatite (HAP) [106,107,127,…”

Section: Fluoride Remediation By Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution

Ravančić²,

2014

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Fluoride is one of the anionic contaminants which is found in excess in surface or groundwater because of geochemical reactions or anthropogenic activities such as the disposal of industrial wastewaters. Among various methods used for defluoridation of water such as coagulation, precipitation, membrane processes, electrolytic treatment, ion-exchange, the adsorption process is widely used. It offers satisfactory results and seems to be a more attractive method for the removal of fluoride in terms of cost, simplicity of design and operation. Various conventional and non-conventional adsorbents have been assessed for the removal of fluoride from water. In this review, a list of various adsorbents (oxides and hydroxides, biosorbents, geomaterials, carbonaceous materials and industrial products and by-products) and its modifications from literature are surveyed and their adsorption capacities under various conditions are compared. The effect of other impurities on fluoride removal has also been discussed. This survey showed that various adsorbents, especially binary and trimetal oxides and hydroxides, have good potential for the fluoride removal from aquatic environments.

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Section: Fluoride Remediation By Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution

Ravančić²,

2014

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“…Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16. In this study, a slight increase in aluminium and silicon contents and the pH of the water after bauxite was used; however, the amounts were less than the WHO standards (15). On this basis, there was no need to measure Al and Fe contents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The high costs and complexity of application of many of these methods prohibit their use in developing countries and low-income areas (14). There is a growing tendency to use local materials and low-cost methods for the removal of fluoride from water (15). Removing fluoride from water by surface adsorption is known as the ideal method in small communities.…”

Section: Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal 2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of bauxite from active Iranian mines for the removal of fluoride from drinking water

Malakootian

Javdan

Iranmanesh

2017

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Fluoride plays an important role in bone and dentin mineralization; however, excess fluoride intake is harmful to mankind. Methods: This study evaluated the performance of bauxite from active Iranian mines in removing fluoride from drinking water. The effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and fluoride concentration on defluoridation and removal efficiency were determined. Kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied. Fluoride levels were measured using SPADNS. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16. Results: Bauxite from the Jajarm mine had the lowest adsorbency (20 g/L) and required the shortest contact time (90 minutes) to reach equilibrium compared with the ore from bauxite mines evaluated in another study which had greater efficiency rates in removing fluoride from drinking water (58.15%). The fluoride removal efficiency rates of the other bauxite mines were as follows: Mendon > Sadrabad > Khidabas > Khezri > Shahbalaghi > Tash > Biglar. Bauxite from Shomal-e Yazd, Hasanabad, and Shahid Nilchian mines could not achieve the required efficiency to remove fluoride from drinking water without initial preparation and modification. The removal efficiency rates of actual samples were much lower than the synthetic samples because of confounding factors. Conclusion: As a result of the low cost and abundant availability of bauxite and the fact that its use does not require a particular expertise or sophisticated technology, the removal efficiency of this adsorbent can be increased to desirable levels through the use of corrective methods such as heating, acidifying, particle crushing, or the mixing of two or more removal systems. Keywords: Fluoride, Iran, drinking water, kinetics Citation: Malakootian M, Javdan M, Iranmanesh F. Use of bauxite from active Iranian mines for the removal of fluoride from drinking water.

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“…Fluoride and other anions, namely, chloride, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate were analysed via ion chromatography on Dionex AS14 using 3.5 mM Na 2 CO 3 /1.0 mM NaHCO 3 eluent while the cations sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were analysed on Dionex CS16 using 3.0 mM methylsulphonic acid eluent . Aluminium and iron were determined on Jenway 6405 UV‐Vis spectrophotometer, total hardness (mg CaCO 3 /L) was determined titrimetrically, total solids and total non‐dissolved solids were determined at 105 °C as described in APHA (1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defluoridation of Groundwater Using Raw Bauxite: Kinetics and Thermodynamics

Kayira

Sajidu

Masamba

et al. 2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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High concentration of fluoride in drinking water causes dental and skeletal fluorosis, a slow, progressive and incurable disease. Removal of fluoride from water (defluoridation) offers a viable remedy to high fluoride content in water and fluorosis where other domestic water treatment solutions are not practicable. Conventional defluoridation technologies are either inefficient or require significant financial and technological investment. Therefore studies in developing countries have focused on local defluoridating agents for abating high fluorides and fluorosis. This study therefore investigated the efficiency of using raw bauxite in defluoridating groundwater through batch equilibrium studies. The bauxite exhibited defluoridation efficiency of up to 96.1% for groundwater with a fluoride concentration of 6.17 mg/L at a bauxite dosage of 0.120 kg/L. High fluoride uptake capacity of up to 275 mg/kg was obtained for the raw bauxite. Gibbsite which is the main constituent of the raw bauxite was responsible for the fluoride removal. The intraparticle diffusion model revealed that fluoride sorption by the raw bauxite occurred through both surface complexation and penetrative diffusion. Ion exchange resulting in the precipitation of insoluble AlF3 might add to the fluoride removal. Fluoride sorption was spontaneous and showed first order kinetics. The activation energy and enthalpy of reaction were determined as 19.6 and 126.5 kJ/mol, respectively.

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Defluoridation of Groundwater Using Raw Bauxite: Rural Domestic Defluoridation Technology

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

A Review on Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution

A Review on Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution

Use of bauxite from active Iranian mines for the removal of fluoride from drinking water

Defluoridation of Groundwater Using Raw Bauxite: Kinetics and Thermodynamics

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