Defining stem cell types: understanding the therapeutic potential of ESCs, ASCs, and iPS cells

Álvarez, Clara V.; García-Lavandeira, Montserrat; García-Rendueles, María E.R.; Díaz‐Rodriguez, Esther; Garcia-Rendueles, Angela R.; Pérez-Romero, Sihara; Vila, Tania Vila; Rodrigues, Joana S.; Lear, Pamela; Bravo, Susana B.

doi:10.1530/jme-12-0072

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…Sox2, Oct4, Klf4) [7,8,9,10] or immediately after implantation (e.g. Sox9) [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Among these common markers, we must now include the GFR-alpha/RET [a tyrosine kinase receptor with 4 ‘alpha' coreceptors (GFRa1-1) and 4 respective ligands (GDNF, NRTN, ARTM, PSPN)] family of receptors, first described in 2009 for the pituitary stem cells but also demonstrated in testes ASC and in the preimplantation blastocyst [18,19,20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

et al. 2015

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The recent demonstration using genetic tracing that in the adult pituitary stem cells are normally recruited from the niche in the marginal zone and differentiate into secretory cells in the adenopituitary has elegantly confirmed the proposal made when the pituitary stem cell niche was first discovered 5 years ago. Some of the early controversies have also been resolved. However, many questions remain, such as which are the markers that make a pituitary stem cell truly unique and the exact mechanisms that trigger recruitment from the niche. Little is known about the processes of commitment and differentiation once a stem cell has left the niche. Moreover, the acceptance that pituitary cells are renewed by stem cells implies the existence of regulated mechanisms of cell death in differentiated cells which must themselves be explained. The demonstration of an apoptotic pathway mediated by RET/caspase 3/Pit-1/Arf/p53 in normal somatotrophs is therefore an important step towards understanding how pituitary cell number is regulated. Further work will elucidate how the rates of the three processes of cell renewal, differentiation and apoptosis are balanced in tissue homeostasis after birth, but altered in pituitary hyperplasia in response to physiological stimuli such as puberty and lactation. Thus, we can aim to understand the mechanisms underlying human disease due to insufficient (hypopituitarism) or excess (pituitary tumor) cell numbers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

et al. 2015

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“…Karyotype analysis was performed on all cell lines and F1089A cell line was discontinued for further study due to abnormal chromosome appearance in this cell line. There was no apparent difference by flow cytometry analysis (Figure 4) between all pluripotent cell lines for expression of standard pluripotent markers [29,30] indicating that all cell lines have similar differentiation potential. Specifically, all undifferentiated iPSC lines showed high expression (>70%) of pluripotent markers, including surface markers SSEA3 and TRA-1-81, as well as transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog.…”

Section: Multiple Cell Lines Differentiate To Hio Using Protocol IImentioning

confidence: 96%

Directed differentiation protocols for successful human intestinal organoids derived from multiple induced pluripotent stem cell lines

Kauffman¹,

Ekert²,

Gyurdieva³

et al. 2015

Stem Cell Biol Res

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Background: Relatively little has been reported comparing the ability of different induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and protocols to derive human intestinal organoids (HIO), although there is potential to supply HIO for translational research and regenerative medicine. In view of the time and effort required to differentiate HIO, protocols for differentiation were compared and five iPSC lines, produced by retroviral or non-viral reprogramming methods, were concurrently differentiated to HIO to evaluate the robustness and repeatability of using cellular markers by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Methods: iPSCs were differentiated to definitive endoderm by Activin A treatment (Protocol I) or Myostatin (GDF8), GSK-3β inhibitor (CHIR99021) and B27 supplement (Protocol II) and then differentiated to hindgut using FGF4 and WNT3A (Protocol I), or KGF and Retinoic Acid (Protocol II) resulting in spheroids that were differentiated to HIO in 3-dimensional culture in matrigel containing EGF, Noggin, and R-Spondin1. Results: Definitive endoderm markers (CXCR4 and SOX17) were similar using both protocols and in all cell lines, but in their absence, spheroids to not develop. HIO derived from excised hindgut spheroids (Protocol II) showed more consistent expression of epithelial markers E-Cadherin, CDX2, villin, and chromogranin A. Morphological characteristics such as budding are predictive of robust enterocyte differentiation (villin positive) in HIO. Conclusions: Substituting different members of the growth factor families (e.g., TGFβ) is equally or more effective for producing epithelial lineages in HIO. Although there are no early quantitative predictors of level of success, all reprogrammed somatic cells could be differentiated to produce HIO. Several morphological characteristics (excisable spheroids and budding in HIO) were associated with HIO success. This could improve cost-effectiveness and ease of differentiation as HIO become more commonly available as translational 3D models of the gut.

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“…Uzun süredir multipotent hücrelerin yalnızca bir germ tabakasına farklanabildiği düşünülmekteydi (Sözgelimi, hepatik kök hücrenin yalnız hepatositlere farklanabilmesi) ama yapılan çalışmalarla bazı multipotent hücrelerin pluripotent hücrelerle benzer potansiyellere sahip olduklarını gösterdi. Unipotent kök hücreler, en düşük potansiyelli ve yalnızca bir hücre tipine farklanabilen kök hücrelerdir (Sözgelimi, epidermal kök hücrelerin yalnızca terminal keratinize skuamoz epitel hücrelere farklanması) (1,2) . Kök hüc-reler aynı zamanda kendi değişik kökenlerine göre de 4 grupta sınıflandırılır; embriyonik kök hücre (EKH), fetal kök hücre, yetişkin kök hücre ve uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücre (IPSC) (3) .…”

Section: Kök Hücre Ve Tipleriunclassified

New Horizons in Pediatric Surgery

Şenol¹,

Mir²

2017

tcdd

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Defining stem cell types: understanding the therapeutic potential of ESCs, ASCs, and iPS cells

Cited by 76 publications

References 157 publications

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

Directed differentiation protocols for successful human intestinal organoids derived from multiple induced pluripotent stem cell lines

New Horizons in Pediatric Surgery

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