Defining organizational functionality for evaluation of post-disaster community resilience

Enderami, S. Amin; Sutley, Elaina J.; Hofmeyer, Sarah L.

doi:10.1080/23789689.2021.1980300

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…ScT IAT STR = (17) where IAT a (t) and STR a (t) represent post-disaster individual attention time and student-teacher ratio, respectively; Ω a (t) is the school's post-disaster functionality; IAT min points out minimum reasonable individual attention time; STR max is the maximum student-teacher ratio across the corresponding school district.…”

Section: Quantifying Post-disaster Accessibility To Intangible Educat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of access has not been precisely defined and is somewhat ambiguous in community resilience literature. Access is typically characterized by the presence of physical access to a functional organization [9], excluding the user's perception from the definition of functionality [17]. Functionality-focused community resilience frameworks have predominantly adopted this provider-centered definition of access and utilized distance-based indicators, such as travel time, to quantify it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Post-Disaster Accessibility to Essential Goods and Services: Proximity, Availability, Adequacy, and Acceptability Dimensions

Enderami,

Sutley,

Helgeson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Rapid restoration of access to essential goods and services has long been regarded as paramount for community recovery. Yet, there remains ambiguity in how access should be defined, measured, or operationalized. Defining accessibility as the ability to use available goods and services with a reasonable effort and cost requires evaluating it across six dimensions (proximity, availability, adequacy, acceptability, affordability, and awareness) while considering the perspective of both users and providers in the evaluation. But common distance-based metrics that focus solely on physical access and travel time often fall short of fully capturing these requirements, overlooking the user's perception. This paper introduces a new spatio-temporal accessibility metric that combines four out of these six dimensions, including proximity, acceptability, adequacy, and availability. The metric considers uncertainty in measuring each dimension and addresses both user and provider perspectives in measuring the acceptability and adequacy dimensions. The variation in the metric across the disaster timeline serves as a proxy for community recovery. The metric aligns with common engineering-oriented functionality-based resilience frameworks as the functionality level of the providers has been incorporated in its development. Operating at the household level, the metric determines the ratio of post-disruption access time to the intended good or service against its pre-disruption access time and yields a unitless ratio between zero and one, with zero expressing a total loss in accessibility and one signifying the same level of accessibility as pre-disruption. The proposed metric, while being scientifically principled, is a practical tool whose output is easily understood even by non-expert individuals. The metric is illustrated for schools and pharmacies using the Lumberton Testbed and data collected following the 2016 flood in Lumberton, North Carolina after Hurricane Matthew. Findings provide new insight into recovery plan prioritization and can be used to trigger protective actions. The paper concludes by discussing issues and barriers related to developing and validating accessibility metrics while highlighting areas for future research.

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Section: Quantifying Post-disaster Accessibility To Intangible Educat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Post-Disaster Accessibility to Essential Goods and Services: Proximity, Availability, Adequacy, and Acceptability Dimensions

Enderami,

Sutley,

Helgeson

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…When community members have to dislocate from a community, which can even be a neighborhood, their social networks will be interrupted (Erikson, 1978). Population dislocation can happen as a result of direct damages to residential buildings or other disaster impacts including utility outages, physical access disruption, concerns about safety, and loss of community capitals (Sutley and Hamideh 2020; Enderami et al, 2021;Daniel et al, 2022). Disasters also can disrupt community members' access to their jobs and students' access to their schools; such disruptions can be caused due to several reasons such as significant damage to the organization's building, employee loss caused by household dislocation, etc.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Archetypes A2 and A6, which differ only in roof shape, have an equal chance to be assigned to a building. More details on the mapping algorithm can be found by Enderami et al (2021). Figure 6 provides the spatial distribution and Frontiers in Built Environment frontiersin.org number of each building archetype within the Onslow building inventory.…”

Section: Community-level Building Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequences of such catastrophic events are only expected to rise as a result of climate change and urbanization. Beyond dollar losses and human casualties, hurricanes cause disruptions in the community's social system, which amplify predisaster disparities, including access to healthcare, education, and employment (Enderami et al, 2021). Thus, a comprehensive equity-informed community resilience plan must consider social and economic impacts, alongside the physical impacts of natural hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel framework to study community-level social and physical impacts of hurricane-induced winds through synthetic scenario analysis

Mazumder

Enderami²,

Sutley³

2023

Front. Built Environ.

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Strong hurricane winds often cause severe infrastructure damage and pose social and economic consequences in coastal communities. In the context of community resilience planning, estimating such impacts can facilitate developing more risk-informed mitigation plans in the community of interest. This study presents a new framework for synthetically simulating scenario-hurricane winds using a parametric wind field model for predicting community-level building damage, direct economic loss, and social consequences. The proposed synthetic scenario approach uses historical hurricane data and adjusts its original trajectory to create synthetic change scenarios and estimates peak gust wind speed at the location of each building. In this research, a stochastic damage simulation algorithm is applied to assess the buildings’ physical damage. The algorithm assigns a damage level to each building using the corresponding damage-based fragility functions, predicted maximum gust speed at the building’s location, and a randomly generated number. The monetary loss to the building inventory due to its physical damage is determined using FEMA’s direct loss ratios and buildings’ replacement costs considering uncertainty. To assess the social impacts of the physical damage exposure, three likely post-disaster social disruptions are measured, including household dislocation, employment disruption, and school closures. The framework is demonstrated by its application to the hurricane-prone community of Onslow County, North Carolina. The novel contribution of the developed framework, aside from the introduced approach for spatial predicting hurricane-induced wind hazards, is its ability to illuminate some aspects of the social consequences of substantial physical damages to the building inventory in a coastal community due to the hurricane-induced winds. These advancements enable community planners and decision-makers to make more risk-informed decisions for improving coastal community resilience.

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Postdisaster Recovery Planning for Interdependent Infrastructure Systems Prioritizing the Functionality of Healthcare Facilities

Ugwu

Salarieh

Salman

et al. 2022

J. Infrastruct. Syst.

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Defining organizational functionality for evaluation of post-disaster community resilience

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Measuring Post-Disaster Accessibility to Essential Goods and Services: Proximity, Availability, Adequacy, and Acceptability Dimensions

Measuring Post-Disaster Accessibility to Essential Goods and Services: Proximity, Availability, Adequacy, and Acceptability Dimensions

A novel framework to study community-level social and physical impacts of hurricane-induced winds through synthetic scenario analysis

Postdisaster Recovery Planning for Interdependent Infrastructure Systems Prioritizing the Functionality of Healthcare Facilities

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