Defining Immersion: Literature Review and Implications for Research on Audiovisual Experiences

Abstract

The use of the term immersion to describe a multitude of varying experiences in the absence of a definitional consensus has obfuscated and diluted the term. The non-exhaustive literature review presented in this paper indicates that immersion is a psychological concept as opposed to being a property of the system or technology that facilitates an experience. An adaptable definition of immersion is synthesized based on the findings from the literature review: a state of deep mental involvement in which the individual may experience disassociation from the awareness of the physical world due to a shift in their attentional state. This definition is used to contrast and differentiate interchangeably used terms such as presence from immersion and outline the implications for conducting immersion research on audiovisual experiences. A new methodology for quantifying immersion is proposed and avenues for future work are briefly discussed.

Motivasi Milenial Menonton Layanan Streaming

“…Berdasarkan literatur U&G teknologi berbasis internet, terdapat tipologi termasuk yaitu informasi (Dizon, 2018;Rubin, 1981;Weiss, 1971), mengisi waktu (Gan & Tan, 2017;Kim et al, 2016;Rubin, 1981); pengalaman terkustomisasi dan media displacement . Selain itu terdapat perluasan atau ekspansi dari tipologi yang sudah ada, termasuk hiburan hedonistik & eudaimonik (Matrix, 2014;Oliver & Raney, 2011); pindah waktu dan tempat (Jancovich, 2011;McClung & Johnson, 2010;Steele et al, 2015); relaksasi/kenyamanan (Kim et al, 2016;Kubey & Csikszentmihalyi, 2002;Rubin, 1981;Sung et al, 2018); pengalihan/pengalaman imersif (Agrawal et al, 2019;Elihu Katz & Foulkes, 1962;Ruggiero, 2009;Tefertiller & Sheehan, 2019). Sementara motivasi yang secara khusus muncul dalam penelitian SVOD adalah menonton maraton (Rubenking et al, 2018;Steiner & Xu, 2020;Sung et al, 2018).…”

“…Pengalaman imersif adalah fenomena yang dialami oleh individu ketika terjadi keterlibatan mental mendalam (deep mental involvement). Hal ini menyebabkan mereka fokus terhadap konten sehingga tidak lagi sadar terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya (Agrawal et al, 2019). Pengamalan imersif meningkat jika dipadukan dengan elemen audiovisual.…”

“…Namun narasi atau alur cerita mampu menstimulasi emosi dan psikologi khalayak sehingga juga menciptakan immersion (Murray, 2016). Pengalaman imersif tercipta karena perpaduan potensi imersif (teknologi audiovisual) dan kecenderungan imersif (seberapa mudah khalayak terhanyut) (Agrawal et al, 2019). Tipologi kesembilan adalah menonton maraton atau binge watching, yaitu kegiatan menonton lebih dari satu episode serial atau film secara berturut-turut (Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al, 2018).…”

“…Informan menyebut kualitas gambar dan suara smartphone mumpuni. Ini merupakan aspek dari dimensi potensi imersif di mana sistem (teknologi) bisa memfasilitasi terciptanya pengalaman imersif (Agrawal et al, 2019). Pengalaman imersif diperkuat jika bagi para informan yang secara alami memiliki kecenderungan imersif.…”

Virtual Avebury: exploring sense of place in a virtual archaeology simulation

“…The concept of immersive tendency relates to observed differences in how individuals experience presence in virtual environments, and it is estimated by the use of an Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) (Agrawal, Simon, Bech, Baerentsen, & Forchhammer, 2019) that asks questions relating to the tendency to get involved in stories, books, movies and video games, and how strongly respondents identify with characters in those media. A body of research has developed over the past 20 years that suggests an association between an individual's immersive tendency and their sense of presence in a virtual environment (e.g.…”