Defining frailty for healthcare practice and research: A qualitative systematic review with thematic analysis

Screening for Cognitive Frailty Using Short Cognitive Screening Instruments: Comparison of the Chinese Versions of the MoCA and Qmci Screen

“…While no consensus definition of frailty as yet exists (Rodríguez-Mañas et al, 2013), it is widely regarded as a risk state or vulnerability, predisposing to adverse healthcare outcomes (Clegg et al, 2013). Cognitive frailty is increasingly recognized as a separate clinical subtype of frailty (Sezgin et al, 2019a) closely connected to its prodrome, pre-frailty (Sezgin et al, 2019b). Cognitive impairment and frailty frequently co-exist, interacting in a complex relationship (Robertson et al, 2013;Grande et al, 2019).…”

The Importance of Taking a Patient-Centered, Community-Based Approach to Preventing and Managing Frailty: A Public Health Perspective

“…This paper examines some of the key public health aspects of frailty. The need to understand the concept from a public health perspective is being increasingly recognized, such that frailty has been labeled as the "future core business of public health" (119) While several definitions of frailty are available these as yet, do not help operationalize the concept (5). This has limited the uptake of frailty as a research construct among public health professionals who have up to now focused more on risk factors for adverse aging including non-communicable chronic disease and socioeconomic inequalities.…”

“…Frailty is a complex age-associated syndrome without a universally accepted definition (5)(6)(7). It results from a decrease in multiple physiological systems that leads to a state of increased vulnerability to stressor events with impaired ability to achieve homeostasis (8)(9)(10).…”

“…At least in its initial stages, before the onset of functional impairment, frailty is often reversible (5,38). Hence, early The "Frailty Phenotype" (18), the "Gait Speed" (131), the "Timed-Up-and-Go Test" (132), the "INTER-FRAIL" (133), the "Short Physical Performance Battery" (134), the "Frail Scale" (58) the "Frailty Index" (49,50), the "Clinical Frailty Scale" (21), the "Groningen Frailty Indicator" (135), the "Edmonton Frail Scale" (136), the "Gérontopôle Frailty Screening Tool" (137), the "Frail Elderly Functional Assessment" (138), the "PRISMA-7 Questionnaire" (139), the "Kihon Checklist" (140), the "Tilburg Frailty Index" (54), and the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument (53).…”

“…Nonetheless, the Royal College of Physicians, the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (104,105) and the British Geriatrics Society (80) all recommend opportunistic or targeted screening for frailty. Several short instruments to screen and assess frailty exist, although a standard approach to define frailty has yet to be agreed, hampering the ability to measure it (5,31,106). Given the multidimensional characteristics of the syndrome, various instruments with different features are validated and can be used depending on the clinical setting.…”