Defining an orbitofrontal compass: Functional and anatomical heterogeneity across anterior–posterior and medial–lateral axes.

Barreiros, Inês; Ishii, Hiroto; Walton, Mark E.; Panagi, MC

doi:10.1037/bne0000442

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The proposed model of arbitration between learning systems within the rodent lateral OFC is consistent with the proposals that the OFC as a whole is critical for MB learning (Niv, 2019; Wilson et al, 2014). There is emerging evidence that the OFC is comprised of a number of functionally heterogeneous subregions (Barreiros et al, 2021; Bradfield & Hart, 2020; Murray et al, 2015; Panayi & Killcross, 2018; Sallet et al, 2020). One possibility is that the lateral OFC co-ordinates sources of Pavlovian MB and MF information from adjacent OFC subregions via dense intra-OFC reciprocal projections (Barreiros et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been an important focus recently on refining anatomical specificity when exploring medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortical function (Barreiros et al, 2021; Coutureau & Killcross, 2003; Killcross & Coutureau, 2003; Laubach et al, 2018). This has been driven by an emerging picture of functional heterogeneity within these cortical subregions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is also becoming increasingly apparent that there is significant functional heterogeneity within the OFC (see Barreiros et al, 2021). Here, we will discuss evidence spanning several OFC subregions in both primates and rodents as the OFC region as a whole appears to be involved in similar aspects of flexible behavioral control, and there is still a paucity of evidence differentiating functional differences within the OFC (for a recent review, see Izquierdo, 2017).…”

Section: The Orbitofrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rodent lateral orbitofrontal cortex as an arbitrator selecting between model-based and model-free learning systems.

Panayi¹,

Khamassi²,

Killcross³

2021

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Our understanding of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function has progressed remarkably over the past decades in part due to theoretical advances in associative and reinforcement learning theories. These theoretical accounts of OFC function have implicated the region in progressively more psychologically refined processes from the value and sensory specific properties of expected outcomes to the representation and inference over latent state representations in cognitive maps of task space. While these accounts have been successful at modelling many of the effects of causal manipulation of OFC function in both rodents and primates, recent findings suggest that further refinement of our current models are still required. Here we briefly review how our understanding of OFC function has developed to understand two cardinal deficits following OFC dysfunction: reversal learning and outcome devaluation. We then consider recent findings that OFC dysfunction also significantly affects initial acquisition learning, often assumed to be intact. To account for these findings, we consider a possible role for the OFC in the arbitration and exploration between model-free and model-based learning systems, off-line updating of model-based representations. While the function of the OFC as a whole is still likely to be integral to the formation and use of a cognitive map of task space, these refinements suggest a way in which distinct orbital subregions, such as the rodent lateral OFC, might contribute to this overall function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Orbitofrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rodent lateral orbitofrontal cortex as an arbitrator selecting between model-based and model-free learning systems.

Panayi¹,

Khamassi²,

Killcross³

2021

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…It has further been demonstrated that several nonprincipal nuclei, mainly of the central thalamus, are strongly reciprocally connected with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and serve a critical role in various affective and cognitive functions (Cassel et al, 2021;Dolleman-van der Weel et al, 2019, Griffin, 2021Kirouac, 2021;McGinty & Otis, 2020;Vertes, Linley, & Hoover, 2015). Unlike, however, well-documented connections of the mPFC with the thalamus (Vertes, 2002(Vertes, , 2004, considerably less attention has been paid to connections of the orbital cortex (ORB) with the thalamus (Hoover & Vertes, 2011;Barreiros, Ishii, et al, 2021)-despite extensive examinations of the behavioral properties of the ORB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The foregoing suggests that the projections of medial (MO, VO) and lateral (VLO, LO, DLO) regions of the ORB may be distinct, thus supporting very different (or separate) sets of functions for these two regions. Apart from a few previous descriptions of ORB projections (Schilman et al, 2008;Kondo & Witter, 2014;Hoover & Vertes, 2011;Barreiros, Ishii, et al, 2021), the overall projections of the ORB have not been systematically examined in the rat. An analysis of the projections of individual divisions of the ORB would greatly enhance our understanding of the functions of each division-as well as the ORB as a whole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections from the five divisions of the orbital cortex to the thalamus in the rat

Vertes

Hoover

Yanik

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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The orbital cortex (ORB) of the rat consists of five divisions: the medial (MO), ventral (VO), ventrolateral (VLO), lateral (LO), and dorsolateral (DLO) orbital cortices. No previous report has comprehensively examined and compared projections from each division of the ORB to the thalamus. Using the anterograde anatomical tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, we describe the efferent projections from the five divisions of the ORB to the thalamus in the rat. We demonstrated that, with some overlap, each division of the ORB distributed in a distinct (and unique) manner to nuclei of the thalamus. Overall, ORB projected to a relatively restricted number of sites in the thalamus, and strikingly distributed entirely to structures of the medial/midline thalamus, while completely avoiding lateral regions or principal nuclei of the thalamus. The main termination sites in the thalamus were the paratenial nucleus (PT) and nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus, the medial (MDm) and central (MDc) divisions of the mediodorsal nucleus, the intermediodorsal nucleus, the central lateral, paracentral, and central medial nuclei of the rostral intralaminar complex and the submedial nucleus (SM). With some exceptions, medial divisions of the ORB (MO, VO) mainly targeted “limbic‐associated” nuclei such as PT, RE, and MDm, whereas lateral division (VLO, LO, DLO) primarily distributed to “sensorimotor‐associated” nuclei including MDc, SM, and the rostral intralaminar complex. As discussed herein, the medial/midline thalamus may represent an important link (or bridge) between the orbital cortex and the hippocampus and between the ORB and medial prefrontal cortex. In summary, the present results demonstrate that each division of the orbital cortex projects in a distinct manner to nuclei of the thalamus which suggests unique functions for each division of the orbital cortex.

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Organization of orbitofrontal‐auditory pathways in the Mongolian gerbil

Ying

Hamlette

Nikoobakht

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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Sound perception is highly malleable, rapidly adjusting to the acoustic environment and behavioral demands. This flexibility is the result of ongoing changes in auditory cortical activity driven by fluctuations in attention, arousal, or prior expectations. Recent work suggests that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may mediate some of these rapid changes, but the anatomical connections between the OFC and the auditory system are not well characterized. Here, we used virally mediated fluorescent tracers to map the projection from OFC to the auditory midbrain, thalamus, and cortex in a classic animal model for auditory research, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). We observed no connectivity between the OFC and the auditory midbrain, and an extremely sparse connection between the dorsolateral OFC and higher order auditory thalamic regions. In contrast, we observed a robust connection between the ventral and medial subdivisions of the OFC and the auditory cortex, with a clear bias for secondary auditory cortical regions. OFC axon terminals were found in all auditory cortical lamina but were significantly more concentrated in the infragranular layers. Tissue‐clearing and lightsheet microscopy further revealed that auditory cortical‐projecting OFC neurons send extensive axon collaterals throughout the brain, targeting both sensory and non‐sensory regions involved in learning, decision‐making, and memory. These findings provide a more detailed map of orbitofrontal‐auditory connections and shed light on the possible role of the OFC in supporting auditory cognition.

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Defining an orbitofrontal compass: Functional and anatomical heterogeneity across anterior–posterior and medial–lateral axes.

Cited by 19 publications

References 105 publications

The rodent lateral orbitofrontal cortex as an arbitrator selecting between model-based and model-free learning systems.

The rodent lateral orbitofrontal cortex as an arbitrator selecting between model-based and model-free learning systems.

Projections from the five divisions of the orbital cortex to the thalamus in the rat

Organization of orbitofrontal‐auditory pathways in the Mongolian gerbil

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