Defining a longitudinal survival model to examine forced treadmill running as a countermeasure for diet-induced weight gain

Esposito, L; Simpson, Richard J.; Strohacker, Kelley; Carpenter, Katie C; McFarlin, Brian K.

doi:10.1258/la.2010.010030

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Within the exercised group, there was a positive correlation between the increase in both BMI and glycemia accompanying the carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich diet (compared to the standard diet). The sedentary mice showed a greater increase in BMI and glycemia than the exercised animals with the same diets, which is in agreement with the previous reports [ 37 – 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Peripheral Immune System in Young Balb/c Mice

Martínez-Carrillo

Jarillo-Luna

Campos-Rodrı́guez

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Although diet and exercise clearly have an influence on immune function, studies are scarce on the effect caused by exercise and the consumption of a carbohydrate-rich or fat-rich diet on the peripheral immune system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exercise and the two aforementioned unbalanced diets on young Balb/c mice, especially in relation to BMI, the level of glucose, and the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood. The changes found were then related to the synthesis of leptin and adiponectin as well as the production of oxidative stress. The increase in BMI found with the carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich diets showed correlation with the levels of leptin and adiponectin. An increase in leptin and a decrease in adiponectin directly correlated with an increase in total lymphocytes and CD4+ cells and with a decrease in B cells. The increase in leptin also correlated with an increase in CD8+ cells. Glycemia and oxidative stress increased with the two unbalanced diets, negatively affecting the proliferation of total lymphocytes and the percentage of B cells, apparently by causing alterations in proteins through carbonylation. These alterations caused by an unbalanced diet were not modified by moderate exercise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Peripheral Immune System in Young Balb/c Mice

Martínez-Carrillo

Jarillo-Luna

Campos-Rodrı́guez

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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“…We have previously demonstrated that mice that are group-housed (groups of five) and restricted from structured physical activity have greater weight gain than normal growth rates. 10,11 Consistent with reports from other laboratories, we have also demonstrated that extremely high-fat diets (60% of calories from fat) result in excessive weight gain above normal growth. 10 Neither our laboratory nor others have specifically compartmentalized weight gain into lean and fat masses.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…important because increased fat mass underlies the metabolic changes that result in obesity-associated diseases. 10,11,14 For example, increases in fat mass are associated with decreased production of adiponectin as well as increased production of leptin and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6). 15 By controlling for changes in fat mass, we are able to demonstrate that the feeding pattern described in this report mirrors body fat distributions in obese humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No running wheel or other voluntary exercise device was placed in the cage to limit physical activity because we have previously demonstrated that exercise can limit weight gain. 11 The number of animals used in this study was determined based on preliminary studies from our laboratory using diet-induced weight gain in CD-1 mice. [10][11][12]…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 The number of animals used in this study was determined based on preliminary studies from our laboratory using diet-induced weight gain in CD-1 mice. [10][11][12]…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considerations to maximize fat mass gain in a mouse model of diet-induced weight gain

2013

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Mouse experimental models of diet-induced weight gain are commonly used as analogs to human obesity; however, a wide variety of feeding methods have been used and the most effective way to maximize weight gain is not known. Maximizing weight gain may allow for a reduction in the number of animals required for a given experiment. The purpose of this study was how to cause the greatest amount of weight gain in CD-1 mice by modifying the composition and source of their diet. To accomplish this goal, we completed two experiments: (1) Effect of dietary macronutrient fat intake (60% (HF60), 45% (HF45), 30% (HF30), or 13.5% (CON) fat diet for 18 weeks); and (2) Effect of 1:1 mixed HF60 and CON diets. Outcome measures included food intake, body mass, and body composition, which were measured bi-weekly and statistically analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). In Experiment 1, the greatest increase in body and fat mass was observed in HF60 (36%) and HF45 (29%) compared with HF30 and CON (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, HF þ stock diet (SK) gained 25% more body mass and 70% more fat mass than HF (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that using a high-fat based diet (>45% calories from fat), mixed with a stock diet, results in substantially more weight gain over a similar period, of time, which would allow an investigator to use $40% fewer animals in their experimental model. Keywords mouse diet-induced weight gain, dietary fat, obesity, disease, mixed dietsIn the past decade, the prevalence of overweight/obesity has reached epidemic levels in many parts of the world, resulting in a rise in morbidity and premature mortality.1,2 Studying the longitudinal effects of dietinduced weight gain in humans is problematic due to ethical considerations. Thus, rodent weight gain models are an attractive analog for human obesity. One limitation of the current studies is that a wide variety of weight gain methodology has been used and it is not clear which method most effectively maximizes weight gain. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Through a series of investigations, our laboratory has sought to address this limitation in the current literature. We have previously demonstrated that mice that are group-housed (groups of five) and restricted from structured physical activity have greater weight gain than normal growth rates.10,11 Consistent with reports from other laboratories, we have also demonstrated that extremely high-fat diets (60% of calories from fat) result in excessive weight gain above normal growth.10 Neither our laboratory nor others have specifically compartmentalized weight gain into lean and

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Aged mice have increased inflammatory monocyte concentration and altered expression of cell-surface functional receptors

et al. 2011

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The expression of monocyte cell-surface receptors represents one index of immune dysfunction, which is common with aging. Although mouse models of aging are prevalent, monocyte subset assessment is rare. Our purpose was to compare cell receptor expression on classic (CD115+/Gr-1 high) and non-classic (CD115+/Gr-1 low) monocytes from 80- or 20-week-old CD-1 mice. Three-colour flow cytometry was used to determine the concentration of monocyte subsets and their respective cell-surface expression of TLR2, TLR4, CD80, CD86, MHC II and CD54. These receptors were selected because they have been previously associated with altered monocyte function. Data were analysed with independent t-tests; significance was set at P less than 0.05. Old mice had a greater concentration of both classic (258%, P=0.003) and non-classic (70%, P=0.026) monocytes. The classic : non-classic monocyte ratio doubled in old as compared with that in young mice (P=0.006), indicating a pro-inflammatory shift. TLR4 ( 27%, P=0.001) and CD80 ( 37%, P=0.004) were decreased on classic monocytes from old as compared with those from young mice. TLR2 ( 24%, P=0.002) and MHCII ( 21%, P=0.026) were altered on non-classic monocytes from old as compared with those from young mice. The increased classic : non-classic monocyte ratio combined with changes in the cell-surface receptor expression on both monocyte subsets is indicative of immune dysfunction, which may increase age-associated disease risk.

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Defining a longitudinal survival model to examine forced treadmill running as a countermeasure for diet-induced weight gain

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Peripheral Immune System in Young Balb/c Mice

Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Peripheral Immune System in Young Balb/c Mice

Considerations to maximize fat mass gain in a mouse model of diet-induced weight gain

Aged mice have increased inflammatory monocyte concentration and altered expression of cell-surface functional receptors

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