Defined functionality and increased luminescence of nanodiamonds for sensing and diagnostic applications by targeted high temperature reactions and electron beam irradiation

Laube, Christian; Riyad, Yasser M.; Lotnyk, Andriy; Lohmann, F. P.; Kranert, C.; Hermann, Ralf; Knolle, Wolfgang; Oeckinghaus, Th.; Reuter, Rolf; Denisenko, Andrej; Kahnt, Axel; Abel, Bernd

doi:10.1039/c7qm00241f

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A sharp peak observed at 1333 cm −1 is the symmetric stretching mode of the C-C bond of the diamond lattice structure (socalled diamond line) and a broad peak observed at around 1600 cm −1 is the G band of the surface graphitic layers (sp 2 -like) of ND particles . 24,28,[33][34][35][36] The intensity ratio of the diamond line and G band (I D /I G ) is shown in Fig. 2b remains (3a).…”

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of surface oxidation on electron spin coherence of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds

Tsukahara,

Fujiwara,

Sera

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) are crystaldefect-based light-emitting nanoparticles that can be applied to quantum information science and quantum sensing. Of particular interest are nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers that allow optical access to their coherently controllable electron spin systems, leading to spin-photon quantum devices and nanoscale sensing of various physical parameters. However, the NV spin coherence time (T 2 ) in NDs has been limited to one or two orders of magnitude shorter than those in bulk diamonds owing to the complicated surface effect that decoheres the NV spin systems. Here, we study the relation between the surface properties and T 2 of single NV centers in NDs by systematically analyzing the effect of surface oxidation. We apply aerobic and acidic oxidation methods with various heating temperatures and processing times and find that aerobic oxidation most effectively oxidizes the surface and extends T 2 by a factor of 1.6 to the original NDs. The ND-size dependence of T 2 clearly shows that the surface oxidation removes a constant decoherence contribution irrespective of the ND size and that a new surface-derived decoherence source emerges when the ND size reduces below 50 nm. The present results provide quantitative information on the decoherence sources of NV spin systems of NDs and will enable a strategic surface modification for better spin manipulations of NV centers in the context of quantum information science and nanoscale quantum sensing.

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Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of surface oxidation on electron spin coherence of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds

Tsukahara,

Fujiwara,

Sera

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Surface sp 2hydrized carbon was removed from nanodiamond by annealing in air at 590 °C for 2 h after a 20 min ramp in a tube furnace using an alumina boat following a modified version of the procedure published previously. 22 After only 1 h, the color of the diamond lightened but remained gray, indicating the presence of residual surface graphitic carbon. After 2 h, the nanodiamond changed from gray to white, with a slight yellow coloration that we attribute to nitrogen impurities in the diamond.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Density Covalent Grafting of Spin-Active Molecular Moieties to Diamond Surfaces

et al. 2021

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Functionalization of diamond surfaces with TEMPO and other surface paramagnetic species represents one approach to the implementation of novel chemical detection schemes that make use of shallow quantum color defects such as silicon-vacancy (SiV) and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. Yet, prior approaches to quantum-based chemical sensing have been hampered by the absence of high-quality surface functionalization schemes for linking radicals to diamond surfaces. Here, we demonstrate a highly controlled approach to the functionalization of diamond surfaces with carboxylic acid groups via all-carbon tethers of different lengths, followed by covalent chemistry to yield high-quality, TEMPO-modified surfaces. Our studies yield estimated surface densities of 4-amino-TEMPO of approximately 1.4 molecules nm −2 on nanodiamond (varying with molecular linker length) and 3.3 molecules nm −2 on planar diamond. These values are higher than those reported previously using other functionalization methods. The ζ-potential of nanodiamonds was used to track reaction progress and elucidate the regioselectivity of the reaction between ethenyl and carboxylate groups and surface radicals.

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“…The aminated diamond surface is of high interest as it enables the straightforward binding of a large variety of functional molecules via amide formation. Direct amination can be performed by treatment of chlorinated diamond with gaseous ammonia at elevated temperature, , by photochemical reactions, or by plasma treatment . Amino functionality can be obtained somewhat more far from the diamond surface by grafting aminated silanes, aminated aromatic moieties, or coupling ethylene diamine on the carboxylated diamond …”

Section: Overview Of Diamond Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen–Vacancy Center in Diamond

et al. 2021

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The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen−vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique roomtemperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.

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Defined functionality and increased luminescence of nanodiamonds for sensing and diagnostic applications by targeted high temperature reactions and electron beam irradiation

Abstract: Highly reproducible functionalized and bright nanodiamonds for sensing and diagnostic applications by high temperature reactions and electron beam irradiation.

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Effect of surface oxidation on electron spin coherence of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds

Effect of surface oxidation on electron spin coherence of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds

High-Density Covalent Grafting of Spin-Active Molecular Moieties to Diamond Surfaces

Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen–Vacancy Center in Diamond

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