Deficits in saccades and smooth-pursuit eye movements in adults with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mani, Revathy; Asper, Lisa; Khuu, Sieu K.

doi:10.1080/02699052.2018.1483030

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Thus, antisaccade errors rather than latency appear to be a more sensitive marker of executive dysfunction. These findings are consistent with the results from studies conducted with adults with a history of concussion, which demonstrated that brain injury is associated with persistent errors on the antisaccade task even in cases when antisaccade latency is normal (Mani et al, 2018). The fact that stereopsis was correlated with inhibitory control in individuals with relatively good visual acuity suggests that stereoacuity may be a more sensitive test than acuity that could help to identify individuals with lower executive function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Age-Related Deficits in Binocular Vision Are Associated With Poorer Inhibitory Control in Healthy Older Adults

2020

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A robust association between reduced visual acuity and cognitive function in older adults has been revealed in large population studies. The aim of this work was to assess the relation between stereoacuity, a key aspect of binocular vision, and inhibitory control, an important component of executive functions. Inhibition was tested using the antisaccade task in older adults with normal or reduced stereopsis (study 1), and in young adults with transiently reduced stereopsis (study 2). Older adults with reduced stereopsis made significantly more errors on the antisaccade task in comparison to those with normal stereopsis. Specifically, there was a significant correlation between stereoacuity and antisaccade errors (r = 0.27, p = 0.019). In contrast, there were no significant differences in antisaccade errors between the normal and reduced stereopsis conditions in the young group. Altogether, results suggest that the association between poorer stereopsis and lower inhibitory control in older adults might arise due to central nervous system impairment that affects the processing of binocular disparity and antisaccades. These results add to a growing body of literature, which highlights the interdependence of sensory and cognitive decline in older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Age-Related Deficits in Binocular Vision Are Associated With Poorer Inhibitory Control in Healthy Older Adults

2020

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“…In contrast, the GMCT infers visual processing speed from the participants ability to follow a target using a computer mouse cursor. Measures of saccadic response are showing promise in being able to effectively distinguish between those with mTBI and those without [50]. Measures of saccadic reaction time involve attention and cognition [50] and incorporate diffuse networks across both cortical and subcortical structures [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measures of saccadic response are showing promise in being able to effectively distinguish between those with mTBI and those without [50]. Measures of saccadic reaction time involve attention and cognition [50] and incorporate diffuse networks across both cortical and subcortical structures [51]. Assessments of saccadic reaction time may be more sensitive to subtle changes in a number of these pathways than more traditional cognitive assessments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new virtual reality test of cognition: assessing the test-retest reliability, convergent and ecological validity of CONVIRT

et al. 2020

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Background: Technological advances provide an opportunity to refine tools that assess central nervous system performance. This study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability and convergent and ecological validity of a newly developed, virtual-reality, concussion assessment tool, 'CONVIRT', which uses eye-tracking technology to assess visual processing speed, and manual reaction time (pushing a button on a riding crop) to assess attention and decision-making. CONVIRT was developed for horse jockeys, as of all sportspersons, they are most at risk of concussion. Methods: Participants (N = 165), were assessed with CONVIRT, which uses virtual reality to give the user the experience of riding a horse during a horserace. Participants were also assessed with standard Cogstate computer-based concussion measures in-between two completions of the CONVIRT battery. The physiological arousal induced by the test batteries were assessed via measures of heart rate and heart rate variability (LF/HF ratio). Results: Satisfactory test-retest reliability and convergent validity with Cogstate attention and decision-making subtests and divergent validity in visual processing speed measures were observed. CONVIRT also increased heart rate and LF/HF ratio, which may better approximate participant arousal levels in their workplace. Conclusions: CONVIRT may be a reliable and valid tool to assess elements of cognition and CNS disruption. The increased ecological validity may also mean better informed 'return-to-play' decisions and stronger industry acceptance due to the real-world meaningfulness of the assessment. However, before this can be achieved, the sensitivity of the CONVIRT battery needs to be demonstrated.

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“…This accords with reviews and meta-analyses showing that mTBI minimally affects visually guided saccades but impairs saccades with more cognitive demands, namely antisaccades and memory-guided saccades. 54,55 In a related vein, a study using a simultaneous working memory task found that in mTBI saccades are only impaired under conditions of high cognitive load. 56 Despite these nuances, there is a suggestion that ocular motor deficits may be an objective biomarker of mTBI.…”

Section: Ocular Motor Dysfunction In Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision Therapy: Ocular Motor Training in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Barton

Ranalli

2020

Annals of Neurology

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Vision therapy in the form of ocular motor training is increasingly used to treat visual complaints, particularly in the setting of persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In this review, we discuss the rationale behind this intervention and the evidence for its utility. Although the efficacy of exercises for primary convergence insufficiency is plausible and supported by data, there is not yet strong evidence of benefit for the post‐traumatic variant. It is not established that abnormalities in fixation, pursuit, and saccades in mTBI are the cause of post‐concussive symptoms, or that these abnormalities arise from ocular motor damage rather than being secondary effects of cognitive problems with attention or executive control. The few studies to date have significant methodological weaknesses. More substantial evidence is required before vision therapy can be accepted as a useful tool in the rehabilitation of patients with brain trauma. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:453–461

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Deficits in saccades and smooth-pursuit eye movements in adults with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: TBI often results in long-standing OM deficits. Experimental measures of OM assessment reflect neural integrity and may provide a sensitive and objective biomarker to detect OM deficits following TBI.

Cited by 40 publications

References 66 publications

Age-Related Deficits in Binocular Vision Are Associated With Poorer Inhibitory Control in Healthy Older Adults

Age-Related Deficits in Binocular Vision Are Associated With Poorer Inhibitory Control in Healthy Older Adults

Development of a new virtual reality test of cognition: assessing the test-retest reliability, convergent and ecological validity of CONVIRT

Vision Therapy: Ocular Motor Training in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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