Defibulation: A Visual Reference and Learning Tool

Abdulcadir, Jasmine; Marras, Sandra; Catania, Lucrezia; Abdulcadir, Omar; Petignat, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.010

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Infibulated women can become pregnant without having engaged in penetrative sex [31], and the reduced exposure to seminal fluid via vaginal route might be another possible explanation for higher incidence of eclampsia among women with FGM type III [32]; a growing body of literature in fact suggests that exposure to paternal antigens in seminal fluid via the vaginal mucosa may induce maternal tolerance to the allogeneic fetus, facilitating successful implantation and protecting from preeclampsia caused by immune maladaptation [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is female genital mutilation associated with eclampsia? Evidence from a nationally representative survey data

Bellizzi¹,

Say

Rashidian

et al. 2020

Reprod Health

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Background: Studies have shown the impact of female genital mutilation (FGM), especially infibulation (WHO type III), on reproductive health, and adverse obstetric outcomes like postpartum haemorrhage and obstructed labour. However, whether an association exists with maternal hypertensive complication is not known. The present study sought to investigate the role of the different types of FGM on the occurrence of eclampsia. Methods: The study used data from the 2006 Demographic and health survey of Mali. The proportion of eclampsia in women with each type of FGM and the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated, using women without FGM as reference group. Unadjusted and adjusted OR were also calculated for women who underwent infibulation compared to the rest of the population under study (women without FGM and women with FGM type I, II, and IV). Results: In the 3997 women included, the prevalence of infibulation was 10.2% (n = 407) while 331 women did not report FGM (8.3%). The proportion of women reporting signs and symptoms suggestive of eclampsia was 5.9% (n = 234). Compared with the absence of female genital mutilation and adjusted for covariates, infibulation was associated with eclampsia (aOR 2.5; 95% CI:1.4-4.6), while the association was not significant in women with other categories of FGM. A similar aOR was found when comparing women with infibulation with the pooled sample of women without FGM and women with the other forms of FGM. Conclusion: The present study suggests a possible association between infibulation and eclampsia. Future studies could investigate this association in other settings. If these findings are confirmed, the possible biological mechanisms and preventive strategies should be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is female genital mutilation associated with eclampsia? Evidence from a nationally representative survey data

Bellizzi¹,

Say

Rashidian

et al. 2020

Reprod Health

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“…For example, the appropriate mode of delivery in women with FGM/C type III could represent one area of study, as infibulated women are reported to be at higher risk of delivering by caesarean section in areas where defibulation is not routinely offered . Furthermore, in the absence of a clear indication for a caesarean, women with FGM/C often undergo the procedure for maternal, rather than fetal indications, unlike women without FGM/C, because of a lack of training on defibulation procedures and treatment plans among medical students and practitioners. This could be rectified with adapted training programmes.…”

Section: Monitoring Fgm/c and Its Complications With The Icdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, healthcare professionals should be trained on the diagnosis of FGM/C and its related conditions, and should ensure a tactful approach to establish a therapeutic alliance and minimise risk of re‐traumatisation. Learning tools that include drawings, pictures, and videos are already being used for training in low‐ and high‐prevalence countries. A WHO handbook is also available .…”

Section: Implementing Icd Monitoring Of Fgm/cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding female genital mutilation/cutting and its complications using the International Classification of Diseases: a commentary

Cottler‐Casanova¹,

Horowicz

Gieszl

et al. 2020

BJOG

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“…[18][19][20] Educational material on deinfibulation has been published and is available online. 21 A great concern in managing a pregnant woman with FGM/C, particularly Type II and III, is perineal tearing. More recent studies and secondary analysis of the 2006 WHO paper showed that the high rate of C-section in FGM/C seems related to inappropriate indications for the C-section.…”

Section: Obstetric and Neonatal Complications: Fgm/c Particularlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies performed on obstetric outcome after FGM/C in high income countries show that with trained and appropriate management, such risks can be significantly reduced and controlled . Educational material on deinfibulation has been published and is available online …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International continence society white paper regarding female genital mutilation/cutting

Payne

Abdulcadir

Ouédraogo

et al. 2019

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C)—also known as Female Genital Cutting or Mutilation—is defined as the partial or total removal of the female external genitalia for non‐therapeutic reasons. This White Paper, prepared under the auspices of the International Continence Society (ICS), is intended by the ICS as a statement promoting the abandonment of this practice. The ICS also supports the respectful and evidence‐based care or treatment of women and girls already affected by FGM/C, in keeping with the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on the Management of Health Complications from Female Genital Mutilation. Our members specialize in pelvic floor disorders from perspectives within a range of specialties; we encounter and treat women living with FGM/C and its consequences—particularly incontinence, infections, voiding dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, and obstetric trauma. Understanding the ethical, sociocultural, medical and surgical factors surrounding FGM/C is central to caring for women and girls with a history of FGM/C. The ICS voices herein state strong opposition to FGM/C. We encourage members to apply their skills to improve prevention strategies and the management of those affected.

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Defibulation: A Visual Reference and Learning Tool

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Is female genital mutilation associated with eclampsia? Evidence from a nationally representative survey data

Is female genital mutilation associated with eclampsia? Evidence from a nationally representative survey data

Coding female genital mutilation/cutting and its complications using the International Classification of Diseases: a commentary

International continence society white paper regarding female genital mutilation/cutting

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