Coding female genital mutilation/cutting and its complications using the International Classification of Diseases: a commentary

Cottler‐Casanova, Sara; Horowicz, Mathilde; Gieszl, Sarah; Johnson‐Agbakwu, Crista; Abdulcadir, Jasmine

doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16086

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, insufficient screening and routine genital examinations among pediatricians, or absent documentation can also explain the low numbers [ 23 ]. A specific code for “risk of FGM/C” might facilitate screening and prevention [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss university hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

et al. 2021

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Background The real prevalence and incidence of women living with or at risk of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is unknown in Switzerland and many parts of Europe, as there are no representative surveys similar to DHS or MICS for European countries. Indirect estimates are commonly used to estimate the number of women with FGM/C in high-income countries, but may not reflect the actual FGM/C prevalence among migrants. Direct measures may provide more accurate estimates that could guide policy- and clinical decision-making. Swiss hospital data may provide a sample of patients that can be used to describe the prevalence of FGM/C in Swiss hospitals. Our study assesses the number of inpatient women and girls in Swiss university hospitals from countries with high FGM/C prevalence, and of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C. Methods We conducted an exploratory descriptive study in Switzerland to assess the number of women and girls admitted to Swiss university hospitals between 2016 and 2018 from 30 FGM/C practicing countries, as well as inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C using anonymized data. We calculated indirect estimates for inpatient women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C and compared them with the number of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C. Results 8720 women and girls from FGM/C practicing countries were admitted. 207 patients had a coded diagnosis of FGM/C, including 7 with a nationality outside the 30 targeted countries, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 2.3% (95%CI, 2.0–2.6). The number of FGM/C cases by hospital was significantly different across years (P < 0.001), with a higher proportion of cases collected in Geneva, Switzerland. Conclusions The comparison between indirect estimates of inpatients with or at risk of FGM/C and the low number of FGM/C cases coded, suggests low recording and coding capacities of FGM/C. Tweetable abstract The capacity of coding primary and secondary diagnosis of FGM/C in Swiss university hospitals seems low. Protocol number: 2018–01851: SwissEthics Committee, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swiss hospital data may provide a sample of patients that can be used to describe the prevalence of FGM/C in Swiss hospitals. Furthermore, hospital data represents an opportunity to study access and quality of care for patients who underwent FGM/C, providing guidance for health interventions [ 15 – 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss university hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

et al. 2021

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“…However, insu cient screening and routine genital examinations among pediatricians, or absent documentation can also explain the low numbers 22 . A speci c code for "risk of FGM/C" might facilitate screening and prevention 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Removal and Apposition Of The Labia Minoramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss University Hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Cottler‐Casanova

Horowicz

Gayet-Ageron

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To assess the number of inpatient women and girls in Swiss university hospitals from countries with high female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) prevalence, and of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C.Methods: Exploratory descriptive study in Switzerland to assess the number of women and girls admitted to Swiss university hospitals between 2016 and 2018 from 30 FGM/C high prevalence countries (1), inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C (2). Participating hospitals provided anonymized data for all inpatient women and girls from 30 FGM/C practicing countries, and for all inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C. We calculated indirect estimates of inpatient women and girls with FGM/C and compared them with the number of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C.Results: 8720 women and girls from countries with high prevalence of FGM/C were admitted. 207 patients were coded with FGM/C, including 7 with a nationality outside the 30 targeted countries, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 2.3% (95%CI: 2.0-2.6). The number of FGM/C cases by hospital was significantly different across year (P<0.001), with a higher proportion of cases collected in Geneva.Conclusions: The comparison between indirect estimates of inpatients with or at risk of FGM/C and the low number of FGM/C cases coded, suggests low recording and coding capacities of FGM/C.Funding: Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and Swiss Network against Female circumcision, Caritas Switzerland.

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The Need for Standardized Nomenclature in Electronic Documentation of Female Genital Cutting in Health Records

Creger,

Abdikeir,

Kaczmarczik

et al. 2024

J Immigrant Minority Health

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Coding female genital mutilation/cutting and its complications using the International Classification of Diseases: a commentary

Abstract: Tweetable abstract Accurate coding of FGM/C, related health consequences and procedures through the ICD can facilitate the assessment of care, policy, prevention measures, and costs.

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss university hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss university hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss University Hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

The Need for Standardized Nomenclature in Electronic Documentation of Female Genital Cutting in Health Records

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