Defective interfering RNAs and defective viruses associated with multipartite RNA viruses of plants

Graves, Michael V.; Pogany, Judit; Romero, Javier

doi:10.1006/smvy.1996.0048

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Satellite RNAs contain little or no sequence similarity to the helper virus genome, while D RNAs are derived from the helper virus genome. D RNAs and defective interfering (DI) RNAs have been described for a number of plant viruses (see reviews by Graves et al, 1996;Simon & Nagy, 1996;White, 1996;White & Morris, 1999). DI and D RNAs usually contain in-frame deletions within one or more genes and in some cases may be associated with changes in pathology (Graves et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-specific encapsidation of a defective RNA 3 of Cucumber mosaic virus

Kaplan

Lee

Canto³

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

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Defective (D) RNAs were generated in tobacco upon passage of two isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) initially derived from RNA transcripts of cDNA clones. In both cases, the D RNA was derived by a single in-frame deletion of either 339 or 411 nt within the 3a gene of Fny-CMV RNA 3 or M-CMV RNA 3, respectively. The generation of D RNAs was rare and occurred with two CMV isolates, the virions of which were known to differ in physico-chemical properties.The Fny-CMV D RNA 3, designated D RNA 3-1, was maintained by passage together with Fny-CMV in tobacco, but was lost by passage in squash. D RNA 3-1 accumulated in the inoculated squash cotyledons but not in upper, systemically infected leaves. Virions purified from infected squash cotyledons or leaf mesophyll protoplasts did not contain D RNA 3-1. Therefore, the failure of D RNA 3-1 to accumulate in squash leaves systemically infected by CMV was due to a lack of encapsidation of the D RNA 3-1 and movement out of the inoculated leaves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-specific encapsidation of a defective RNA 3 of Cucumber mosaic virus

Kaplan

Lee

Canto³

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

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“…Since dRNAs generally are incapable of autonomous replication, they depend on trans-acting factors from a helper virus for replication (12,15,34,40). Some dRNAs interfere with replication of the helper virus and thus are referred to as defective interfering (DI) viruses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conundrum of the Lack of Defective RNAs (dRNAs) Associated with Tobamovirus Infections: dRNAs That Can Move Are Not Replicated by the Wild-Type Virus; dRNAs That Are Replicated by the Wild-Type Virus Do Not Move

Knapp

Dawson

Lewandowski

2001

J Virol

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Two classes of artificially constructed defective RNAs (dRNAs) of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were examined in planta with helper viruses that expressed one (183 kDa) or both (126 and 183 kDa) of the replicaseassociated proteins. The first class of artificially constructed dRNAs had the helicase and polymerase (POL) domains deleted; the second had an intact 126-kDa protein open reading frame (ORF). Despite extremely high levels of replication in protoplasts, the first class of dRNAs did not accumulate in plants. The dRNAs with an intact 126-kDa protein ORF were replicated at moderate levels in protoplasts and in planta when supported by a TMV mutant that expressed the 183-kDa protein but not the 126-kDa protein (183F). These dRNAs were not supported by helper viruses expressing both replicase-associated proteins. De novo dRNAs were generated in plants infected by 183F but not in plants infected with virus with the wild-type replicase. These novel dRNAs each contained a new stop codon near the location of the wild-type stop codon for the 126-kDa protein and had most of the POL domain deleted. The fact that only dRNAs that contained a complete 126-kDa protein ORF moved systemically suggests that expression of a functional 126-kDa protein or the presence of certain sequences and/or structures within this ORF is required for movement of dRNAs. At least two factors may contribute to the lack of naturally occurring dRNAs in association with wild-type TMV infections: an inability of TMV to support dRNAs that can move in plants and the inability of dRNAs that can be replicated by TMV to move in plants.

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“…The effect of the plant host on accumulation of D-RNAs has been well documented (Hillman et al, 1987;Graves et al, 1996;Inoue-Nagata et al, 1998;Kaplan et al, 2004). Further, we have recently demonstrated that the host can affect the size of defective RNAs (Llamas et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…All of them are derived from the helper virus genome by simple internal deletions or by complex rearrangements of genomic sequences (Simon and Bujarski, 1994). The D-RNA retains the cis-acting components necessary for efficient replication but depends on helper virus replication and encapsidation functions (Graves et al, 1996). The presence of D-RNAs has important effects on host symptoms, ranging from amelioration to enhancement, to no effect at all (White and Morris, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They also exacerbated the severity of symptoms and have a negative effect on production, reducing yield by 50% (Romero et al, 1993;Pogany et al, 1995Pogany et al, , 1997Llamas et al, 2004;Sandoval et al, 2007). Considerable progress has been made in the identification factors which may contribute to, or influence formation of D-RNAs (Graves et al, 1996;White, 1996) but there is still much to learn about events involved in the generation of naturally occurring D-RNAs. In this work the generation and accumulation of D-RNAs was studied in BBMV, BMV and CCMV.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of external factors that affect formation and accumulation of D-RNAs in Bromovirus infections

Sandoval

Llamas

Romero³

2008

Span. j. agric. res.

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Defective RNA molecules (D-RNAs) are being studied in several plant RNA virus groups. In the genus Bromovirus, D-RNAs have been described for Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), they are formed by a single internal deletion in the RNA2 and have been generated de novo by serial passages. In contrast, in Brome mosaic virus (BMV) D-RNAs are generated by a single or double internal deletion in the RNA3 without serial passages in their hosts. In this work the external effects of the host and the growth temperature in the generation and accumulation of D-RNAs in BBMV, BMV and Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) are studied. The BBMV and BMV D-RNAs were generated and accumulated with or without serial passages of the viruses in different hosts and cultivars. Plants grown at 12, 16, 20 and 24°C in a growth chamber and in a greenhouse (22 ± 5°C) generated D-RNAs after being inoculated with virusfree D-RNAs, with and without passages. The D-RNAs observed in BBMV and BMV presented some common characteristics: both were formed de novo after serial passages or without passages, their deletion borders had short repeated and palindrome sequences that favour recombination. In addition, growing inoculated plants at lower temperatures greatly facilitated the generation and accumulation of D-RNAs. The CCMV did not generate defective molecules in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and Nicotiana benthamiana plants after several serial passages or without passages. This is the first time that D-RNAs have been generated in BBMV without passages and BMV with serial passages.Additional key words: BBMV, BMV, CCMV, host effects, temperature conditions. Resumen Análisis de los factores externos que afectan a la formación y acumulación de los D-RNAs en infecciones de BromovirusLos RNAs defectivos (D-RNAs) están siendo estudiados en diversos virus RNA de plantas. En el género Bromovirus se han descrito D-RNAs en el virus del moteado del haba (BBMV), formados mediante una delección interna en el RNA2, que se generan de novo mediante pases seriados del virus sobre un nuevo huésped. En contraste, en el virus del mosaico del bromo (BMV), los D-RNAs se forman por una o dos delecciones en el RNA3 sin necesidad de pases en sus huéspedes. En este trabajo estudiamos algunos factores externos, como los huéspedes, las inoculaciones y las temperaturas de crecimiento en la generación y acumulación de D-RNAs en BBMV, BMV y en el virus del moteado clorótico de la carilla (CCMV). Los D-RNAs de BBMV y BMV fueron generados y acumulados mediante pases seriados y sin pases de los virus en diferentes huéspedes y cultivares. Plantas inoculadas con BBMV y BMV sin D-RNAs, mantenidas a 12, 16, 20 y 24°C en cámaras de crecimiento a temperatura constante o en un invernadero (22 ± 5°C), generaron D-RNAs con o sin pases sobre nuevos huéspedes. Los D-RNAs observados en ambos virus presentan algunas características en común: son formados de novo mediante pases seriados o purificados de hojas infectadas algunas semanas después de la inoculación; los bordes de la delección tie...

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Defective interfering RNAs and defective viruses associated with multipartite RNA viruses of plants

Cited by 43 publications

References 51 publications

Host-specific encapsidation of a defective RNA 3 of Cucumber mosaic virus

Host-specific encapsidation of a defective RNA 3 of Cucumber mosaic virus

Conundrum of the Lack of Defective RNAs (dRNAs) Associated with Tobamovirus Infections: dRNAs That Can Move Are Not Replicated by the Wild-Type Virus; dRNAs That Are Replicated by the Wild-Type Virus Do Not Move

Analysis of external factors that affect formation and accumulation of D-RNAs in Bromovirus infections

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