chemotherapy. [2][3][4] Glioblastoma usually invades the brain tissue in a radiative way and has no definite boundary; thus, complete neurosurgical resection is rarely achieved. [2,[4][5][6] Postoperative adjuvant conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are limited by intratumoral hypoxia, inadequate ability of drugs to cross the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), drug resistance, and serious side effects. [7][8][9] The median survival remains <15 months, [7][8][9][10][11] and new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed.Phototherapies with localized treatment and reduced side effects are alternative promising modalities for glioblastoma treatment. Phototherapy involves laser absorption by a photosensitizer to generate photochemical reaction as in photodynamic therapy (PDT) [11][12][13][14][15] or to generate localized hyperthermia as in photothermal therapy (PTT). [16][17][18][19] Unfortunately, oxygendependent PDT does not have good therapeutic efficacy on hypoxic tumors. [11,18] PTT can cause thermal diffusion and can damage surrounding normal cells, [19] thus yielding impaired brain function. High-efficiency and precise glioblastoma treatment methods are still urgently needed.We recently demonstrated that pulsed laser induced ultrasonic shockwaves (photoacoustic therapy, PA therapy) can selectively destroy glioblastoma tumors with no observable side effects on normal tissue. [16,[20][21][22] In PA therapy, nano particles in targeted tumor cells can absorb energy of pulsed laser and transferred into ultrasonic shockwaves via photoacoustic cavitation. [23,24] The shockwave intensity decays rapidly from the target tissue (approximately tens of micrometers), [25] and thus PA shockwave can cause minimal damage to normal cells around tumor and realize local mechanical damage to tumor cells. PA therapy overcomes the shortcomings of PTT: There is reduced thermal damage to surrounding tissue. PA therapy is also not limited by hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment like PDT. PA therapy presents unique advantages in the precise and efficient treatment of glioblastoma. However, PA therapy is usually limited by light penetration depth due to the strong optical scattering of biological tissues, thus making it difficult to achieve effective treatment of glioblastoma with intact skin and skull. [17,26,27] Microwave scattering in soft tissue is three orders of magnitude weaker than optical scattering because microwaves have Glioblastoma has a dismal prognosis and is a critical and urgent health issue that requires aggressive research and determined clinical efforts. Due to its diffuse and infiltrative growth in the brain parenchyma, complete neurosurgical resection is rarely possible. Here, pulsed microwave-induced thermoacoustic (MTA) therapy is proposed as a potential alternative modality to precisely and effectively eradicate in vivo orthotopic glioblastoma. A nanoparticle composed of polar amino acids and adenosine-based agonists is constructed with high microwave absorbance and selective penetration of the blood-brain barr...