Defect characterization of highly emissive para-phenylene-type molecular films by photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance and thermally stimulated charge transport

Screening renal artery angiography at the time of cardiac catheterization

“…The molecular level alignment with respect to the metal Fermi level is set at the interface, and no significant band bending shift is detected in the organic film, at least on the thickness scale relevant to thin‐film devices (150–1000‐Å) and in nominally undoped layers. This is entirely consistent with the fact that very few free charges are available in these relatively wide‐gap, purified, and undoped materials 13–15. However, similar investigations of interfaces of electrically doped molecular layers deposited on metal surfaces do show the formation of band bending and depletion regions, and this is consistent with the presence of charges in the film (discussed later).…”

Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polymers for Fluorescent‐Enzyme Assays

“…Since structural defects in the CP backbone that result from the polymerization process can influence the electronic delocalization, new synthetic techniques have been inspired. [48] The most popular polymerization process performed under mild conditions to yield defect-free CPs includes Suzuki, Stille, and Yamamoto coupling reactions for PFs, [49][50][51][52] WittigHorner and Heck reactions for PPVs, [53,54] Sonogashira coupling and alkyne metathesis reactions for PPEs, [55,56] and electropolymerization, metal-catalyzed polycondensation, and chemical oxidative reactions for PTs. [57][58][59] Recently, a valuable microwave-assisted method has been reported to produce CPs within just ten minutes in high yield and reduce the amount of side reactions.…”

“…In general, the polymerization methods for carbon–carbon bond formation reactions in CP preparation are suitable for the synthesis of water‐soluble CPs as well, except for some necessary modifications of branched chains before or after polymerization. Since structural defects in the CP backbone that result from the polymerization process can influence the electronic delocalization, new synthetic techniques have been inspired 48. The most popular polymerization process performed under mild conditions to yield defect‐free CPs includes Suzuki, Stille, and Yamamoto coupling reactions for PFs,49–52 Wittig–Horner and Heck reactions for PPVs,53, 54 Sonogashira coupling and alkyne metathesis reactions for PPEs,55, 56 and electropolymerization, metal‐catalyzed polycondensation, and chemical oxidative reactions for PTs 57–59.…”

Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis and Applications

“…For example, in a fluorescent CP excitation energy can be trapped by defect sites bringing about efficient non-radiative excited state decay leading to a material that has a comparatively low fluorescence quantum efficiency. [25][26][27] The advent of new synthetic methodologies based on carbon-carbon bond forming reactions promoted by organometallic catalysts allows the synthesis of relatively defectfree CPs under very mild reaction conditions. [22][23][24] Since these metal-catalyzed polymerization reactions can be accomplished in solution, high molecular weight CPs can be obtained.…”