Defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM): Prospective edible flour from agricultural waste with high antioxidant activity

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe present study reports nutritional composition, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM) in comparison to wheat, rice and sweet potato flours. Proximate analysis revealed that DKSM was high in protein (26.19 g/100 g DKSM) and carbohydrate (57.09 g/100 g DKSM). Magnesium, potassium and phosphorus were the major minerals (>1 g/100 g DKSM) found in DKSM through Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometric analysis. DKSM also exhibited appreciably higher total phenolic (3399.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g defatted material) and flavonoid contents (251.00 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g defatted material) as well as antioxidant activity as compared to all selected edible flours (p < 0.05). Gallic acid, (þ)-catechin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and syringic acid were determined as the predominant phenolics in DKSM through HPLCeDAD analysis. On the basis of this study, DKSM may be declared and commercialized as a highly antioxidative and nutritive edible flour, which can be prospectively used in the development of natural food preservative, nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Production of fucoxanthin-rich fraction (FxRF) from a diatom, Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano 1968

“…ABTS• + scavenging activity was done according to the method by Chan et al [24]. In order to produce the ABTS radical cation (ABTS• + ), 50 ml of 7 mM ABTS stock solution was added to 50 ml of 2.45 mM potassium persulfate and kept at an ambient temperature for 24 h in the dark.…”

“…The β-carotene bleaching inhibitory activity of tested fractions was evaluated by the linoleic model system described by Chan et al [24] with slight modifications. In brief, 6 ml of β-carotene solution (6 mg β-carotene in 10 ml chloroform) was added to 120 mg of linoleic acid and 1200 mg of Tween-20 followed by drying under a stream of nitrogen gas to fully remove the chloroform.…”

Chemistry, phytotechnology, pharmacology and nutraceutical functions of kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed oil: An overview

“…Research investigations showed the potential of kenaf seed derived value added nutritional foods like defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM), protein concentrates from defatted kenaf seed, kenaf seed cake etc. which exhibit promising health promoting functions (Mariod et al, 2010(Mariod et al, , 2012Chan et al, 2013;Zawawi et al, 2014). A number of factors such as variety, location and environmental conditions affect the nutritional composition (amounts of protein, oil, carbohydrates and dietary fiber) of roselle seeds (Rao, 1996;Abu-Tarbouch et al, 1997;El-Adawy and and Khalil, 1994;Hainida et al, 2008a,b).…”

Antitumour and antioxidant potential of some selected Pakistani honeys

“…Deficiency of antioxidants in living organisms leads to oxidative stress. The natural products rich in antioxidants are of great importance for scientists Chan, Khong, Iqbal, Mansor and Ismail, 2013;Craft, Kosinska, Amarowicz, & Pegg, 2010). Honey a sweet natural product produced by honey bees form nectar and other plant juices is also a good source of antioxidants.…”