Deepwater Horizon: After the oil

Mascarelli, Amanda

doi:10.1038/467022a

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The dramatic explosion of British Petroleum's Deepwater Horizon drilling rig and resulting oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico has caused considerable debate Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles Mass Spectra and Retention Indices 155 over potential ecosystem impacts (1)(2)(3). For example, immeasurable dispersion of potentially harmful organics from oil into ocean waters and widespread contamination of shorelines could pose long-term risks to flora and fauna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectra and Retention Indexes for Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles and Some Alkylated Analogs

Zeigler

Schantz

Wise

et al. 2012

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) are ubiquitous in fossil fuels and pose risk to the environment due to their toxicity. Some PASH, resistant to degradation in the environment, are used to differentiate pollutant source and weathering. Although retention data exist for some PASH, few mass spectra are available, so misidentification often occurs between isomers in the same family. In this study, the retention behavior of 119 PASH on 14%-cyanopropyl/86%-polydimethylsiloxane (DB-1701ms), trifluoropropylmethylpolysiloxane (Rtx-200ms), 5%-phenyl/95%-dimethyl (Rxi-5ms), and 50%-diphenyl/50%-dimethyl (Rxi-17Sil-ms) are reported along with their mass spectra. This data is guiding on-going research aimed at identifying PASH in coal tar by multidimensional GC-GC/MS for compounds where standards are not available.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectra and Retention Indexes for Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles and Some Alkylated Analogs

Zeigler

Schantz

Wise

et al. 2012

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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“…Although some algae may possess protective mechanisms against the toxic effects of dispersants (Wolfe et al 1999), protective mechanisms in mammals are as yet poorly understood. The bioavailability of oil increases after dispersal, which can directly expose organisms to increased levels of hydrocarbons and allow the hydrocarbon-dispersant compound to enter the food chain (Mascarelli 2010). Even seemingly less destructive measures like using sorbents and skimmers can increase mortality of organisms through trampling by large cleanup crews (Foster et al 1990).…”

Section: Disaster Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of oil spills: a review and framework for informing planning

Chang¹,

Stone²,

Demes³

et al. 2014

E&S

231

130

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ABSTRACT. As oil transportation worldwide continues to increase, many communities are at risk of oil spill disasters and must anticipate and prepare for them. Factors that influence oil spill consequences are myriad and range from the biophysical to the social. We provide a summary literature review and overview framework to help communities systematically consider the factors and linkages that would influence consequences of a potential oil spill. The focus is on spills from oil tanker accidents. Drawing primarily on empirical studies of previous oil spill disasters, we focused on several main domains of interest: the oil spill itself, disaster management, the physical marine environment, marine biology, human health, economy, and policy. Key variables that influence the severity of consequences are identified, and significant interactions between variables are delineated. The framework can be used to clarify the complexity of oil spill impacts, identify lessons that may be transferable from other oil spill disasters, develop scenarios for planning, and inform risk analysis and policy debates in localities that are seeking to understand and reduce their vulnerability to potential spill disasters. As a case study, the framework is used to consider potential oil spills and consequences in Vancouver, Canada. Major increases in oil tanker traffic are anticipated in this region, creating urgent new demands for risk information, disaster management planning, and policy responses. The case study identifies particular conditions that distinguish the Vancouver context from other historic events; in particular, proximity to a densely populated urban area, the type of oil being transported, financial compensation schemes, and local economic structure. Drawing lessons from other oil spill disasters is important but should be undertaken with recognition of these key differences. Some types of impacts that have been relatively inconsequential in previous events may be very significant in a Vancouver case.

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“…When including gaseous hydrocarbons, like methane, the total discharge was 40% higher than the above-mentioned estimate (3). During the spill, a deep-water oil plume was detected at depths of 1,000 to 1,200 m (4,5), but this plume was no longer detectable after a few months (6), in agreement with the very high degradation rates observed in laboratory incubations (5). However, most microbiological research to date has focused on the effects of the oil spill with samples taken during the contamination event or shortly thereafter (5,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and only one study reported on the bacterial communities at plume depth 1 year after the spill (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial Community Composition, Functions, and Activities in the Gulf of Mexico 1 Year after the Deepwater Horizon Accident

Yergeau

Maynard

Sanschagrin

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Several studies have assessed the effects of the released oil on microbes, either during or immediately after the Deepwater Horizon accident. However, little is known about the potential longer-term persistent effects on microbial communities and their functions. In this study, one water column station near the wellhead (3.78 km southwest of the wellhead), one water column reference station outside the affected area (37.77 km southeast of the wellhead), and deep-sea sediments near the wellhead (3.66 km southeast of the wellhead) were sampled 1 year after the capping of the well. In order to analyze microbial community composition, function, and activity, we used metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and mineralization assays. Mineralization of hexadecane was significantly higher at the wellhead station at a depth of ϳ1,200 m than at the reference station. Community composition based on taxonomical or functional data showed that the samples taken at a depth of ϳ1,200 m were significantly more dissimilar between the stations than at other depths (surface, 100 m, 750 m, and >1,500 m). Both Bacteria and Archaea showed reduced activity at depths of ϳ1,200 m when the wellhead station was compared to the reference station, and their activity was significantly higher in surficial sediments than in 10-cm sediments. Surficial sediments also harbored significantly different active genera than did 5-and 10-cm sediments. For the remaining microbial parameters assessed, no significant differences could be observed between the wellhead and reference stations and between surface and 5-to 10-cm-deep sediments.

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Deepwater Horizon: After the oil

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Mass Spectra and Retention Indexes for Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles and Some Alkylated Analogs

Mass Spectra and Retention Indexes for Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles and Some Alkylated Analogs

Consequences of oil spills: a review and framework for informing planning

Microbial Community Composition, Functions, and Activities in the Gulf of Mexico 1 Year after the Deepwater Horizon Accident

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