Deep tillage combined with biofertilizer following soil fumigation improved chrysanthemum growth by regulating the soil microbiome

Abstract

Sustained monoculture often leads to the inhibition of plant growth, the decrease of the soil microbial diversity, and changes in soil microbial community composition, particularly to the accumulation of soil‐borne pathogens. In this study, we conducted field experiments to investigate the practical effects of tilling the soil down to a depth of 40 cm (40dp) in combination with dazomet (D) soil fumigation and/or the application of a bio‐organic fertilizer (B) on chrysanthemum growth, with a focus on the potential mechanisms underlying the responses of the soil microbiome. The growth indices of chrysanthemum were significantly ( p < .05) increased in the DB + 40dp treatment compared to that in other treatments. The weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances in the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that soil bacterial and fungal community compositions were separated according to the treatments. The abundance of genera potentially expressing growth promotion, such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus, was increased in the DB + 40dp treatment. In addition, the combined DB + 40dp treatment enhanced the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase, and β‐ d ‐glucosidase, and significantly increased the levels of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. The redundancy analysis (RDA) implied that the composition of the microbiome was correlated to soil enzymatic activities and soil potassium availability in the rhizosphere soil of chrysanthemum plants. Our findings suggest that the DB + 40dp treatment is a better strategy for improving chrysanthemum growth and regulating the rhizosphere microbiome in monoculture soils than the methods presently employed by commercial chrysanthemum producers.

Effects of a Microbial Restoration Substrate on Plant Growth and Rhizosphere Microbial Community in a Continuous Cropping Poplar

“…Under the long-term intensive continuous cropping management mode, the decline of plantation capacity is inevitable. Continuing cropping generally decreases soil nutrients, resulting in lower growth and greater incidences of Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) [ 5 ]. Furthermore, continuous cropping causes soil to change from bacterial dominant to dominant fungal type, as it promotes fungi growth and suppresses microbial growth [ 6 ].…”

Effects of Inorganic, Organic and Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Microflora and Soil Function Sustainability in Chrysanthemum Monoculture

“…Hence, the growth and quality of chrysanthemums reduce, while the widespread disease Fusarium wilt [2], caused by a soil-borne pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Chrysanthemum) often increases [3,4].…”

“…The optimized application of inorganic plant nutrition fertilizer (IPN) [5], organic fertilizers (OF) or bio-organic fertilizers (BOF) is an important element in chrysanthemum cultivation for plant growth, soil function sustainability, soil-borne disease control and relief of monoculture cropping obstacles [2,4,5]. Many researchers have demonstrated that an inorganic plant nutrition fertilizer such as fly-ash increases the yields of various crops and improves the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil [6,7].…”

Restructuring Tilth Layers Can Change the Microbial Community Structure and Affect the Occurrence of Verticillium Wilt in Cotton Field

“…We found that RTL decreased the incidence rate and incidence index of cotton Verticillium wilt. Previous research showed that deep tillage, which is similar to RTL, reduced the incidence of Verticillium wilt in soil and that the occurrence of wilt was less frequent in deep tillage fields than in conventional cotton fields [59]. Additionally, ITS sequencing and RT-PCR showed that the abundance of V. dahliae decreased in topsoil.…”