Effects of Inorganic, Organic and Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Microflora and Soil Function Sustainability in Chrysanthemum Monoculture

Abstract

The production of chrysanthemums is severely hampered by Fusarium wilt, which is exacerbated by monoculture. In this study, the role of inorganic plant nutrition fertilizer (IPN), organic fertilizer (OF) and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) in avoiding monoculture-related production constraints was evaluated. We conducted a series of greenhouse experiments and studied the growth of chrysanthemum and changes in rhizosphere soil microflora and function. BOF application reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt by 82.8% and increased the chrysanthemum shoot height and flower ray floret number by 31.4% and 26.1%, respectively. High-throughput Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing results indicated that BOF and OF treatments increased the values of α-diversity indices of bacteria and fungi. In addition, significant alterations in microbe community structures were found in response to IPN, OF or BOF application. Among the major genera detected after BOF treatments, the levels of Fusarium and Glycomyces decreased while Cladosporium, arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophyte groups increased. In particular, the abundance of Mariniflexile had a positive relationship (R = 0.693, p < 0.05) with the incidence of Fusarium wilt, while Cladosporium showed a significant negative relationship (R = −0.586, p < 0.05). Interestingly, an analysis of microbiomes based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the functions of signal transduction, bacterial secretion system, oxidative phosphorylation and the metabolism of carbohydrate, nitrogen and amino acids all increased in both BOF and OF treatments. The results suggested that BOF could be effective for chrysanthemum monoculture soil restoration, potentially by altering the microbial community structures and functions, which affect the physiological and morphological attributes of chrysanthemum in monoculture.

Changes to the Bacterial Microbiome in the Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere of Persea americana (Avocado) Treated With Organic Mulch and a Silicate-Based Mulch or Phosphite, and Infested With Phytophthora cinnamomi

“…The mineral mulch contained silicon and calcium, compounds known to improve bacterial diversity and richness significantly and in particular, to increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (Samaddar et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2021 ). An increase in Actinobacteria was also observed in the current study, but there was a decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria.…”

Effect of different biochar particle sizes together with bio-organic fertilizer on rhizosphere soil microecological environment on saline–alkali land

“…Bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs), which combine beneficial functional microbes with a suitable substrate, are more effective than microbes added directly to the soil and are widely accepted as a promising biological tactic for suppressing soil-borne pathogens (Cao et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2015), promoting plant growth (Gopalakrishnan et al, 2013;Naher et al, 2021), and altering the composition of the rhizosphere (Rh) microbial community (Zhang et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2021). Limited studies on the combined application of BOFs and other amendments suggest they may be effective strategies for remediating saline-alkaline soil properties, enhancing soil enzymatic and microbial activities closely related to the nutrient cycling and bioavailability, and improving soil productivity in a saline-alkali ecosystem (Liang et al, 2005;Vishnu et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2020).…”

LABs Fermentation Side-Product Positively Influences Rhizosphere and Plant Growth in Greenhouse Lettuce and Tomatoes

“…In this way, new solutions (such as biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biostimulants) are highly requested to sustain crop yield and to balance the soil eco-system [5]. Many studies have already reported the successful use of these new classes of modern fertilizers to increase the soil organic carbon (SOC) [6], to replace mineral N, to reduce N 2 O emissions [7], to be co-inoculants for beneficial microorganisms, and to biologically nourish and protect plants [8].…”