Deep seabed mining: Frontiers in engineering geology and environment

Guo, Xingsen; Fan, Ning; Liu, Yihan; Wang, Zekun; Xie, Xiaotian; Jia, Yangwen

doi:10.1007/s40789-023-00580-x

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Because of the complex nature of the deep-sea environment, the position of the flexible hose and the collection device is often changed, so the flexible pipe is often in a horizontal and vertical state. Therefore, it is also very important to optimize the design of the flexible pipe and its internal solid-liquid two-phase flow conveying [7].…”

Section: Deep-sea Mining System Collecting Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Underwater Collection and Transportation Equipment of Polymetallic Nodules in Deep-Sea Mining

Zhang,

Zuo,

Wei

et al. 2024

JMSE

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In response to the anticipated scarcity of terrestrial land resources in the coming years, the acquisition of marine mineral resources is imperative. This paper mainly summarizes the development of underwater collection and transportation equipment of polymetallic nodules in deep-sea mining. Firstly, the collection equipment is reviewed. The deep-sea mining vehicle (DSMV), as the key equipment of the collection equipment, mainly includes the collecting device and the walking device. The micro and macro properties of sediments have a great influence on the collection efficiency of mining vehicles. For the collecting device, the optimization of the jet head structure and the solid–liquid two-phase flow transport of the hose are discussed. The structure of the walking device restricts mining efficiency. The optimization of the geometric structure is studied, and the geometric passability and lightweight design of the walking device are discussed. Secondly, the core of transportation equipment is the lifting device composed of a riser and lifting pump. In order to explore the key factors affecting mineral transport, the lifting device is summarized, and the design optimization of the lifting pump and the factors affecting the stability of the riser are discussed. Then, the relationship between each device is discussed, and the overall coupling of the device is summarized. Finally, the existing problems and future research focus are summarized.

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Section: Deep-sea Mining System Collecting Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Underwater Collection and Transportation Equipment of Polymetallic Nodules in Deep-Sea Mining

Zhang,

Zuo,

Wei

et al. 2024

JMSE

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“…However, failure of the composite bucket foundation often occurs due to large displacements and excessive pore pressures when subjected to severe storm wave loads. Guo et al [13][14][15][16] have conducted a comprehensive study about severe storm wave loads. Guo et al [13][14][15][16] have conducted a comprehensive study about the structure and pipelines in the seabed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guo et al [13][14][15][16] have conducted a comprehensive study about severe storm wave loads. Guo et al [13][14][15][16] have conducted a comprehensive study about the structure and pipelines in the seabed. Therefore, understanding the performance of composite bucket foundation breakwater under storm wave loading conditions becomes considerably crucial for its design and construction in practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifuge Modelling of Composite Bucket Foundation Breakwater in Clay under Monotonic and Cyclic Loads

Jiang,

Lu,

Cai

et al. 2024

JMSE

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This study investigates the monotonic and cyclic performance of composite bucket foundation breakwater in clay through centrifuge modeling. The application of monotonic loads simulates extreme wave conditions, and cyclic load corresponds to long-term serviceability conditions. In centrifuge tests, three typical soil strengths were tested, and two load eccentricities were simulated to check the influence of wave force height. Multiple measurements were conducted, including rotation angle, horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, and pore pressure variation. When soil strength increases in monotonic centrifuge tests, the ultimate bearing capacity of the bucket foundation experiences significant growth, and the foundation failure pattern varies. In responding to the monotonic test, the foundation’s rotation center constantly moved downward during the loading process, indicating that the deeper soil would be activated to resist the horizontal loading. In contrast, the rotation center movement in the symmetric centrifuge test was opposed to the non-symmetric test because the deeper soil was required to provide resistance to balance the more severe load under the non-symmetric loading condition. It should be noted that non-symmetric loading does not impact the bucket foundation as seriously as symmetric loading. The utilization of deep-soil resistance in non-symmetric tests is beneficial in controlling deformation.

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“…Continuous geophysical monitoring of modern geodynamic processes is a highly successful technological approach for analyzing incoming geological and geophysical information with the aim of advancing theory and preventing global natural disasters. It is a frontier of the modern epoch in testing the environment [4]. Electromagnetic monitoring of the Earth's crust in seismically hazardous regions constitutes a fundamental area of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Monitoring of Modern Geodynamic Processes: An Approach for Micro-Inhomogeneous Rock through Effective Parameters

2023

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This study focuses on microscale anisotropy in rock structure and texture, exploring its influence on the macro anisotropic electromagnetic parameters of the geological media, specifically electric conductivity (σ), relative permittivity (ε), and magnetic permeability (μ). The novelty of this research lies in the advancement of geophysical monitoring methods for calculating cross properties through the estimation of effective parameters—a kind of integral macroscopic characteristic of media mostly used for composite materials with inclusions. To achieve this, we approximate real geological media with layered bianisotropic media, employing the effective media approximation (EMA) averaging technique to simplify the retrieval of the effective electromagnetic parameters (e.g., apparent resistivity–inversely proportional to electrical conductivity). Additionally, we investigate the correlation between effective electromagnetic parameters and geodynamic processes, which is supported by the experimental data obtained during monitoring studies in the Tien Shan region. The observed decrease and increase in apparent electrical resistivity values of ρk over time in orthogonal azimuths leads to further ρk deviations of up to 80%. We demonstrate that transitioning to another coordinate system is equivalent to considering gradient anisotropic media. Building upon the developed method, we derive the effective electric conductivity tensor for gradient anisotropic media by modeling the process of fracturing in a rock mass. Research findings validate the concept that continuous electromagnetic monitoring can aid in identifying natural geodynamic disasters based on variations in integral macroscopic parameters such as electrical conductivity. The geodynamic processes are closely related to seismicity and stress regimes with provided constraints. Therefore, disasters such as earthquakes are damaging and seismically hazardous.

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Deep seabed mining: Frontiers in engineering geology and environment

Cited by 34 publications

References 160 publications

A Review on Underwater Collection and Transportation Equipment of Polymetallic Nodules in Deep-Sea Mining

A Review on Underwater Collection and Transportation Equipment of Polymetallic Nodules in Deep-Sea Mining

Centrifuge Modelling of Composite Bucket Foundation Breakwater in Clay under Monotonic and Cyclic Loads

Electromagnetic Monitoring of Modern Geodynamic Processes: An Approach for Micro-Inhomogeneous Rock through Effective Parameters

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