In this article, we consider the features of the perception of student information in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, in order to draw the attention of researchers to the topic of learning in practice through field training. The article shows the results of these studies in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, as an example) to reflect the global trends. For this purpose, we examined the expectations of students in Russia and the CIS countries from training related to lectures and field training. We created a questionnaire and distributed it in three Moscow-based universities (Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography-MIIGAiK, Moscow Aviation Institute-MAI, and Moscow City University-MCU). Our key assumption is that field practices in Russian universities are qualitatively different from the phenomenon described in European literature, where digital or remote field practices have already emerged. The results obtained through the survey show the tendency of students' perceptions to fulfill practical duties (in a laboratory with instruments of field training) in STEM education.
The relationship between space weather and earthquakes occurring in seismically active areas with the seismo-electromagnetic satellite CSES-01 data are observed. The study assumes the presence of possible ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes. The sets of measuring instruments of the satellite and data are considered. Subsequently, to prove the non-random nature of the space weather effects, the results of ground-based geomagnetic or electromagnetic observations should be used, for example, magnetotelluric soundings (MTS). Stationary and regime points of the MTS network of the Research Station RAS in Bishkek (RS RAS) are suitable for these purposes in the Northern Tien Shan. The MTS data are presented in the form of hourly frequency-time series with system rotation from 0° to 180°. To obtain information on earthquakes, it is proposed to use data from the NEIC or ISC seismic catalog, since they aggregate data from regional catalogs, including the KNET seismological network maintained by the RS RAS. It is concluded that it is necessary to select the CSES-01 trajectories and times of flight over the territory of Kyrgyzstan and download the electric field detector (EFD) data. The results of comparing satellite and ground-based observations can be used in future technologies for short-term earthquake prediction.
New results of a detailed study of the deep structure of the Central Tien Shan along the Son-Kul magnetotelluric (MT) profile crossing the Son-Kul Lake are reported. Based on the results of magnetotelluric data modeling, the regional and local geoelectric anomalies in the lithosphere are studied and their quantitative characteristics are given. Geological interpretation of the geoelectric cross-section was carried out, which supported the existing ideas about the block–hierarchical structure of the upper part of the Earth’s crust. This corresponds to the tectonophysical concepts of the sequential inserted subordination of large and smaller elements of the zone–block structure consisting of stable blocks and limiting mobile zones, which are distinguished by the high dislocation of the geological substrate. The integral pattern of the distribution and morphology of zones of high electrical conductivity in this segment of the Central Tien Shan crust may reflect discretely localized palm tree–type structures associated with the evolution of transgressive suture zones of localized deformation during the Hercynian and Alpine tectogenesis.
The paper describes application of an approach according to which the endogenous-nature electromagnetic field (EM) is included in the impedance relationships in an additive way, which allows distinguishing the EM field recoded on ground surface by the positions of sources. The case-studies of the endogenous EM field identification in the magnetotelluric sounding records obtained in the Tien Shan region are presented. The characteristics of the identified endogenous EM field are compared with the lunar-solar tides parameters and anisotropic properties of electrical resistivity. The found interconnections point at new options to study irreversible lithospheric deformations in the Tien Shan using magnetotelluric sounding data.
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