Deep Heat Threatens Marine Life

Fischetti, Mark

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0413-92

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Since the 1970s, the oceans have absorbed over 90% of Earth's heat gain, leading to ocean warming (Gattuso et al, 2015). Ocean warming can be detected to a depth of 1,000 m (Levitus et al, 2000), and during the past century the global ocean surface temperature has increased by about 1 • C (Fischetti, 2013). By the end of the 21st century, the average Earth surface temperature is predicted to rise by 2-4 • C (Gattuso et al, 2015).…”

Section: Ocean Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

et al. 2019

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Section: Ocean Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

et al. 2019

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“…Global warming has increased the temperature in surface oceans [1,2], extending the low thermal limit of phytoplankton and consequently shifting their niches from low to high latitudes [3][4][5], which has led to the new appearance of temperate species at higher latitudes and even subpolar regions [3]. Such a niches shift varies the temperatures and light exposure durations (i.e., diel light:dark cycle) experienced by phytoplankton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite Growth Responses of Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium catenella to Photoperiods and Temperatures

et al. 2021

Plants

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Shift of phytoplankton niches from low to high latitudes has altered their experienced light exposure durations and temperatures. To explore this interactive effect, the growth, physiology, and cell compositions of smaller Alexandrium minutum and larger A. catenella, globally distributed toxic red tide dinoflagellates, were studied under a matrix of photoperiods (light:dark cycles of 8:16, 16:8, and 24:0) and temperatures (18 °C, 22 °C, 25 °C, and 28 °C). Under continuous growth light condition (L:D 24:0), the growth rate (µ) of small A. minutum increased from low to medium temperature, then decreased to high temperature, while the µ of large A. catenella continuously decreased with increasing temperatures. Shortened photoperiods reduced the µ of A. minutum, but enhanced that of A. catenella. As temperature increased, cellular Chl a content increased in both A. minutum and A. catenella, while the temperature-induced effect on RubisCO content was limited. Shortened photoperiods enhanced the Chl a but reduced RubisCO contents across temperatures. Moreover, shortened photoperiods enhanced photosynthetic capacities of both A. minutum and A. catenella, i.e., promoting the PSII photochemical quantum yield (FV/FM, ΦPSII), saturation irradiance (EK), and maximum relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax). Shortened photoperiods also enhanced dark respiration of A. minutum across temperatures, but reduced that of A. catenella, as well as the antioxidant activities of both species. Overall, A. minutum and A. catenella showed differential growth responses to photoperiods across temperatures, probably with cell size.

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“…So far, ocean warming has reached to a depth of 1000 m (Levitus et al 2000). Over the past 100 years, the global ocean surface average temperature has risen by about 1 °C (Fischetti 2013). By the end of the 21st century, the average temperature may increase by 2-4 °C (Gattuso et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Impacts of ocean acidification under multiple stressors on typical organisms and ecological processes

Gao

Wang

et al. 2020

Mar Life Sci Technol

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The oceans are taking up over one million tons of fossil CO 2 per hour, resulting in increased pCO 2 and declining pH, leading to ocean acidification (OA). At the same time, accumulation of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases is causing ocean warming, which enhances stratification with thinned upper mixed layers, exposing planktonic organisms to increasing levels of daytime integrated UV radiation. Ocean warming also reduces dissolved oxygen in seawater, resulting in ocean deoxygenation. All these ocean global changes are impacting marine ecosystems and effects are well documented for each individual driver (pH, oxygen, temperature, UV). However, combined effects are still poorly understood, strongly limiting our ability to project impacts at regional or local levels. Different regions are often exposed (and often adapted) to contrastingly different physical and chemical environmental conditions and organisms, and ecosystems from different parts of the world will be exposed to unique combinations of stressors in the future. Understanding the modulating role of adaptation, species niche and stressors' interaction is key. This review, being a non-exhaustively explored one, aims to provide an overview on understandings of ecophysiological effects of OA and its combination with covarying drivers, mainly warming, deoxygenation and solar UV radiation. We propose a testable hypothetical model as well as future research perspectives.

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Deep Heat Threatens Marine Life

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Opposite Growth Responses of Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium catenella to Photoperiods and Temperatures

Impacts of ocean acidification under multiple stressors on typical organisms and ecological processes

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