Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Gao, Kunshan; Beardall, John; Häder, Donat‐P.; Hall‐Spencer, Jason M.; Gao, Guang; Hutchins, David A.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00322

Cited by 170 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 206 publications

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“…Carbonate chemistry changes associated with OA include increases in concentrations of CO 2 and bicarbonate and decreases in levels of carbonate ions and pH. Although a wide range of altered carbonate chemistry effects have been observed at each trophic level of marine food webs (Kroeker et al, 2013;Nagelkerken and Munday, 2016;Hutchins and Fu, 2017;Hurd et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2019), how OA affects the food quality of primary producers and trophic transfer to secondary and tertiary producers is still controversial. Here, we present an overview of the up-to-date advances regarding this specific issue and highlight the challenges for future research in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Food Quality and Its Potential Food Chain Consequences

2020

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Dissolution of anthropogenic CO 2 into the oceans results in ocean acidification (OA), altering marine chemistry with consequences for primary, secondary, and tertiary food web producers. Here we examine how OA could affect the food quality of primary producers and subsequent trophic transfer to second and tertiary producers. Changes in food quality induced by OA are often related to secondary metabolites in primary producers, such as enriched phenolics in microalgae and iodine in brown algae. These biomolecules can then be transferred to secondary producers, potentially affecting seafood quality and other marine ecosystem services. Furthermore, shifts in dominant functional groups of primary producers under the influence of OA would also impact higher trophic levels through food web interactions. It is challenging to understand how these complex food chain effects of OA may be expressed under the influence of fluctuating environments or multiple drivers, and how these effects can be scaled up through marine food webs to humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Food Quality and Its Potential Food Chain Consequences

2020

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“…Current trends of change in oligotrophic marine ecosystems with ongoing climate change include warming, acidification, oligotrophication, and the increases in water column stratification and light penetration (Gao et al, 2019). All of these anticipated changes will inevitably interact to affect the photosynthetic performance of phytoplankton and hence marine primary productivity (Gao et al, 2012;Hoppe et al, 2015;Schuback et al, 2017;Hughes et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Ecological Responses of Photosynthetic Processes to Oceanic Properties and Phytoplankton Communities in the Oligotrophic Western Pacific Ocean

et al. 2020

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Understanding the dynamics of primary productivity in a rapidly changing marine environment requires mechanistic insight into the photosynthetic processes (light absorption characteristics and electron transport) in response to the variability of environmental conditions and algal species. Here, we examined the photosynthetic performance and related physiological and ecological responses to oceanic properties [temperature, salinity, light, size-fractionated chlorophyll a (Chl a) and nutrients] and phytoplankton communities in the oligotrophic Western Pacific Ocean (WPO). Our results revealed high variability in the maximum (F v /F m ; 0.08-0.26) and effective (F q /F m ; 0.02-0.22) photochemical efficiency, the efficiency of charge separation (F q /F v ; 0.19-1.06), the photosynthetic electron transfer rates (ETR RCII ; 0.02-5.89 mol e − mol RCII −1 s −1) and the maximum of primary production [PP max ; 0.04-8.59 mg C (mg chl a) −1 h −1 ]. All these photosynthetic characteristics showed a depth-specific dependency based on respective nonlinear regression models. On physiological scales, variability in light absorption parameters F v /F m and F q /F m notably correlated with light availability and size-fractionated Chl a, while both ETR RCII and PP max were correlated to temperature, light, and ambient nutrient concentration. Since the presence of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ NSV ; 2.33-12.31) and increasing reductant are used for functions other than carbon fixation, we observed nonparallel changes in the ETR RCII and F v /F m , F q /F m , F q /F v. In addition, we found that the important biotic variables influencing F v /F m were diatoms (cells > 2 µm), picosized Prochlorococcus, and eukaryotes, but the PP max was closely related to large cyanobacteria (cells > 2 µm), dinoflagellates, and picosized Synechococcus. The implication is that, on ecological scales, an interaction among temperature, light, and nutrient availability may be key in driving the dynamics of primary productivity in the WPO, while large cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and picosized Synechococcus may have a high contribution to the primary production. Overall, the photosynthetic processes are interactively affected by complex abiotic and biotic variables in marine ecosystems, rather than by a single variable.

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“…Ocean acidification, the alteration of carbonate chemistry due to increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide, has negative impacts on many marine calcifying organisms [2], but the possible effects of this rapid change in surface ocean chemistry is still intriguing world experts. There is a growing consensus on how ocean acidification will affect marine phytoplankton [3,4]. Research into the response of diatoms to ocean acidification has mostly focussed on their growth, productivity, and community composition by using mesocosms or flask culture experiments [5], with predominantly positive effects observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatoms Dominate and Alter Marine Food-Webs When CO2 Rises

et al. 2019

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Diatoms are so important in ocean food-webs that any human induced changes in their abundance could have major effects on the ecology of our seas. The large chain-forming diatom Biddulphia biddulphiana greatly increases in abundance as pCO2 increases along natural seawater CO2 gradients in the north Pacific Ocean. In areas with reference levels of pCO2, it was hard to find, but as seawater carbon dioxide levels rose, it replaced seaweeds and became the main habitat-forming species on the seabed. This diatom algal turf supported a marine invertebrate community that was much less diverse and completely differed from the benthic communities found at present-day levels of pCO2. Seawater CO2 enrichment stimulated the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of benthic diatoms, but reduced the abundance of calcified grazers such as gastropods and sea urchins. These observations suggest that ocean acidification will shift photic zone community composition so that coastal food-web structure and ecosystem function are homogenised, simplified, and more strongly affected by seasonal algal blooms.

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Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Cited by 170 publications

References 206 publications

The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Food Quality and Its Potential Food Chain Consequences

The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Food Quality and Its Potential Food Chain Consequences

Physiological and Ecological Responses of Photosynthetic Processes to Oceanic Properties and Phytoplankton Communities in the Oligotrophic Western Pacific Ocean

Diatoms Dominate and Alter Marine Food-Webs When CO2 Rises

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