Deep eutectics and analogues as electrolytes in batteries

Pietro, Maria Enrica Di; Mele, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116597

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 247 publications

(466 reference statements)

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“…Metal‐salt‐based deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) systems, a subclass of DESs, have a higher transfer number than the ionic liquids‐based electrolytes because of the single cationic species. DEEs are attracting increased attention for their applications in LMBs [4h] . A few DEEs based on Li salts (e.g., LiTFSI, LiNO 3 , and LiPF 6 ) and HBDs (e.g., urea and amides) have been developed for LMBs [4f, 6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li−N Interaction Induced Deep Eutectic Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High Performance Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Pei

et al. 2022

Angew Chem Int Ed

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As emerging eutectic mixtures, deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) show unique properties for Li-metal batteries (LMBs). However, the limited choice and inferior electrode compatibility hinder their further development in LMBs. Herein, we report a new 1,2dimethylimidazole (DMIm)-based deep eutectic gel polymer electrolyte induced by LiÀ N interaction. We demonstrate that incorporating electron-withdrawing polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer into the DMIm-based DEE changes the coordination environment of Li + ions, leading to a high transference number of Li + ions (0.65) and superior interface stability between the electrolyte and Li anode. The deep eutectic gel polymer electrolyte exhibits excellent non-flammability, high ionic conductivity (1.67 mS cm À 1 at 30 °C), and high oxidation voltage (up to 4.35 V vs. Li/Li + ). The Li j j LFP cell based on the newly developed deep eutectic gel polymer electrolyte can achieve superior long-term cycling stability at a wide range of rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li−N Interaction Induced Deep Eutectic Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High Performance Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Pei

et al. 2022

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…ChCl:U is considered as the prototype of type III deep eutectic systems (DESs), a novel class of liquid materials obtained by mixing an ammonium, phosphonium, or sulfonium salt with a small organic molecule (i.e., amide, acid, amine, or alcohol) acting as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) . Strong hydrogen bonding interactions between the species are believed to cause charge delocalization, which is responsible for the “deep” melting point depression of the mixture with respect to both the individual components and the ideal mixture. , The match between desirable physicochemical properties (good thermal and chemical stability, low flammability, and exceptional dissolution capabilities, among others) and environmental and economic advantages (ease of preparation from mostly largely available and environmentally friendly and safe raw materials, leading to low cost and high sustainability), makes these systems extremely appealing for a wide range of applications. ,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Competition for Water: Hydrated Choline Chloride:Urea vs Choline Acetate:Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents

Pietro

Tortora

Bottari

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Unlike the archetypal deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride:urea (ChCl:U), fundamental knowledge of the intermolecular network in choline acetate (ChOAc) DESs and how they change upon dilution is still missing. Here we jointly use UV resonance Raman (UVRR) and NMR spectroscopy to comparatively explore how the strength and distribution of hydrogen bonding and the solvation of the components are modified in ChOAc:U and ChCl:U with increasing hydration. Overall, Raman and NMR data indicate that ChOAc:U is continuously affected by hydration and, even at low water concentrations, undergoes a breakage of DES–DES interactions, with rapid solvation of the urea portion and full exchange of mobile protons. On the contrary, ChCl:U seems to maintain its structure as small interplays gradually occur between urea in the DES and the surrounding water molecules. The combined approach provides a multifaceted consistent description of the systems, outlining the crucial role of the anion in driving the structure and dynamics of the materials and then yielding valuable data toward the exploitation of DESs as tunable systems.

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“…Rational modifications of composition are important to the design of eutectic electrolyte, which could improve the performance and optimize the interface between electrolyte and electrode. [ 34 ] For instance, Jaumaux et al synthesized self‐healing polymer by pentaerythritol tetra‐acrylate (PETEA) and 2‐(3‐(6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐yl)ureido)ethyl methacrylate (UPyMA) via thermally polymerizing. [ 36 ] Then, LiTFSI‐NMAc and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) were added to the self‐healing polymer to form a DSP electrolyte.…”

Section: Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Ionic Liquid and Its Related Self‐Assembly in the Areas of Energy Storage and Conversion

et al. 2022

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ILs unique properties such as ionic conductivity, low volatility, noninflammability, high chemical and electrochemical stability, and so on. [3] These properties coupled with adjustable structure and functionality allow ILs to evolve from unique liquid mediums to the solvents/electrolytes widely used across multiple disciplines in science and engineering. [4][5][6][7][8][9] The incorporation of ILs and advanced energy storage and conversion technology seems to be a nice strategy to meet the increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy. [10] However, traditional ILs based on ammonium, alkylpyridinium, dialkylimidazolium, and phosphonium cations, are generally expensive, nonbiodegradable, and toxicities, which are unfavorable to achieving the aforementioned goals. [11] Thus, numerous efforts have been devoted to exploring the advanced ILsderived materials, which retain most of the characteristics of ILs and are endowed with new features. Novel ILs, including deep eutectic solvents (DESs), [12,13] poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), [14][15][16] ionic liquid crystals (ILCs), [17,18] and redox-active ionic liquids (RAILs), [19,20] have been synthesized and have been proved to be promising materials to compensate for the inadequacies of the traditional ILs.In general, those four types of novel ILs exhibit unique features and advantages in the fields of energy storage and conversion, respectively. For example, DESs are inexpensive, biodegradable, and nontoxic, they have great advantages in building environmental-friendliness energy storage devices. [21,22] The PILs have a polymeric structure while maintaining ionic conductivity. This means they are excellent potential materials for preparing binder, membranes, and solid-state electrolyte. [23] They are also a kind of building blocks for self-assembly. ILCs with enhanced ordered structure and unique phase behavior are able to achieve the efficient and directional conduction of species, which are excellent properties to construct high-performance energy storage devices. [24] Besides, RAILs are a liquid material with ionic conductivity and redox centers and have exhibited promising potentiality for use as redox additives and electroactive electrolytes. [25] In this review, we focus on the intrinsic properties of novel ILs and their related self-assembly behavior for constructing highperformance energy storage and conversion devices. In the following four chapters, we discuss the unique properties,

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Deep eutectics and analogues as electrolytes in batteries

Cited by 63 publications

References 247 publications

Li−N Interaction Induced Deep Eutectic Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High Performance Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Li−N Interaction Induced Deep Eutectic Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High Performance Lithium‐Metal Batteries

In Competition for Water: Hydrated Choline Chloride:Urea vs Choline Acetate:Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents

The Novel Ionic Liquid and Its Related Self‐Assembly in the Areas of Energy Storage and Conversion

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