Deep eutectic solvents-assisted cost-effective synthesis of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon xerogels from phenol-formaldehyde by two-stage polymerization

Ling, Chen; Deng, Junqian; Hong, Shu; Lian, Hailan

doi:10.1007/s10971-018-4660-8

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The review of Carriazo et al from 2012, refer some polycondensation studies with DES [44], however the investigation on this topic is still scarce. In the last 5 years, three representative studies of polycondensation in DES were published [45,46,47]. Lopéz-Salas et al reported resorcinol:urea (3.5:1 molar) and resorcinol:urea:choline chloride (3.5:0.5:1, 3.5:1:1, and 3.5:2:1 molar, respectively) DES for tailoring the structure of hierarchical porous carbons.…”

Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patiño et al used DES of resorcinol:3-hydroxypyridine (1:2:1 molar) or resorcinol:tetraethylammonium bromide (1:3:1.75 molar) as polycondensation solvent to produce hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon molecular sieves [45]. Chen et al published the use of 1:2 (molar ratio) choline chloride:urea DES as a solvent for the two-stage polymerization from phenol and formaldehyde, to produce porous carbon xerogels [46]. Interestingly, in both Chen and Patiño works, DES act as a homogenization medium, structure-directing agent and as a nitrogen source for carbons [45,46].…”

Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen et al published the use of 1:2 (molar ratio) choline chloride:urea DES as a solvent for the two-stage polymerization from phenol and formaldehyde, to produce porous carbon xerogels [46]. Interestingly, in both Chen and Patiño works, DES act as a homogenization medium, structure-directing agent and as a nitrogen source for carbons [45,46].…”

Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this new development, Wang et al and Mendonça et al published the first studies on the use of different DES as ligand [77], as 100% solvent for SARA ATPR [78] or both [77]. Other studies also reported the use of DES as solvent medium for polymer synthesis [46,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90]. In particular, the communication of Park and Lee on the polymerization of 3-octylthiophene in DES presented interesting features regarding the use of DES as a solvent in polymerization.…”

Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2019

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The green and versatile character of deep eutectic solvents (DES) has turned them into significant tools in the development of green and sustainable technologies. For this purpose, their use in polymeric applications has been growing and expanding to new areas of development. The present review aims to summarize the progress in the field of DES applied to polymer science and engineering. It comprises fundamentals studies involving DES and polymers, recent applications of DES in polymer synthesis, extraction and modification, and the early developments on the formulation of DES–polymer products. The combination of DES and polymers is highly promising in the development of new and ‘greener’ materials. Still, there is plenty of room for future research in this field.

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Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymeric Synthesis Using Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2019

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“…In a related paper, Chen et al 69 used choline chloride and urea to produce phenol-formaldehyde resin in a two-stage synthesis. The product was subjected to ambient drying and thermal treatment at 800 °C in nitrogen to generate carbon xerogels that exhibited a hierarchical porous structure.…”

Section: Condensation Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Polymerization and Polymer Reactions

Gómez¹,

Biswas²,

Tadini³

et al. 2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Green chemistry is a key opportunity in chemistry and chemical engineering today because it can potentially preserve the environment and human health. It entails the choice of natural biodegradable raw materials and solvents, environmentally acceptable processes, and minimal use of non-hazardous chemicals. Previously, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have found many applications in organic, analytical, and polymer chemistry. The recent discovery of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), where many plant-abundant primary metabolites have been found to change their state from solid to liquid at certain temperatures when mixed in a proper ratio, should accelerate their use as replacements for common organic solvents that exhibit inherent toxicity and high volatility. In this work, we have reviewed the application of NADES as green, sustainable solvents in processes that involve polymerizations and polymer reactions. It is clear that many applications have already been explored. Undoubtedly more progress will be made in the future, and NADES will become more commonly used in polymer-related processes.

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Low‐Cost Carbon Xerogels Derived from Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin for Organic Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors

et al. 2021

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In this study, low‐cost carbon xerogels (CXs) are successfully prepared by condensation of phenol and formaldehyde and applied to electrode materials for organic electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). Condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde is the most commonly used method for the synthesis of CXs because although resorcinol is more expensive than phenol, it has better reactivity with formaldehyde. For this reason, research on the synthesis of CXs derived from phenol–formaldehyde resin is potentially useful for decreasing CX cost. Thus, CXs are synthesized using phenol and formaldehyde while gradually increasing the amount of the catalyst to increase the reactivity between the two compounds. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis, successful synthesis of phenol–formaldehyde CXs is confirmed and it is found that a CX prepared with a phenol‐to‐catalyst molar ratio of 50 (PC_50) exhibits the largest surface area among the prepared CXs. Moreover, PC_50 shows good electrochemical performance as an electrode material for organic EDLCs due to its large surface area. In summary, a low‐cost CX with a large surface area and good electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized as an electrode for EDLCs using a phenol precursor, which offers greater cost efficiency compared to resorcinol.

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Deep eutectic solvents-assisted cost-effective synthesis of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon xerogels from phenol-formaldehyde by two-stage polymerization

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Use of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Polymerization and Polymer Reactions

Low‐Cost Carbon Xerogels Derived from Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin for Organic Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors

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