Deep eutectic solvents as green media for efficient extraction of terpene trilactones from <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> leaves

Su, Erzheng; Yang, Meng; Cao, Jun; Lü, Chao; Wang, Jiahong; Cao, Fuliang

doi:10.1080/10826076.2017.1309661

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…DESs have been applied for extraction of bioactive flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and phenolic acids [23,24,30]. Heating and stirring, evaporating, and freeze-drying techniques that could be adjusted with some temperature and time modifications are available for DES preparation [16].…”

Section: Preparation Of Various Types Of Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supercritical carbon dioxide is relatively safe, but pure supercritical carbon dioxide does not have sufficient solvation power, and thus a polar co-solvent methanol has to be added to carbon dioxide in order to increase rutaecarpine's solubility. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered to be a novel class of green solvent because they are formed by simply mixing two or more components with some advantages such as negligible volatility, non-flammability, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and thermal stability [23]. Furthermore, DESs possess high solubilization power strength for a wide range of compounds, especially poorly water-soluble compounds [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Levulinic Acid and 1,4-Butanediol as an Extraction Media for Bioactive Alkaloid Rutaecarpine

Sun

Liu

et al. 2019

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are increasingly receiving interest as a new type of green and sustainable alternative to hazardous organic solvents. In this work, a novel DES based on levulinic acid (La) and 1,4-butanediol (Buta) as an extraction media was developed for extracting the bioactive alkaloid rutaecarpine from the unripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. 24 different DESs consisting of choline chloride, betaine, sugar alcohols, organic acids, amides, and sugars were prepared and tailored to test their extraction efficiency. After initial screening, a hydrophilic DES composed of La and Buta with 1:0.5 molar ratio containing 25% water was tailored for the highest extraction efficiency, followed by the optimizations of molar ratio and water content. The interaction between the molecules of La-Buta DES was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in order to confirm its deep eutectic supermolecular structure feature. The extraction conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments, including extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid-liquid ratio. The developed La-Buta DES extraction procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of rutaecarpine in Chinese patent medicines containing the unripe fruits of T. ruticarpum. The excellent property of La-Buta DES indicated its potential as a promising green solvent instead of conventional organic solvent for the extraction of rutaecarpine from the unripe fruits of T. ruticarpum, and that it can used as a sustainable and safe extraction media for other applications.

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Section: Preparation Of Various Types Of Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Levulinic Acid and 1,4-Butanediol as an Extraction Media for Bioactive Alkaloid Rutaecarpine

Sun

Liu

et al. 2019

Processes

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“…DESs have been extensively studied for the extraction of natural bioactive compounds, with the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and good environmental compatibility [13,14,15]. In our laboratory, tailor-made DESs had been employed as extraction solvents to extract polyprenyl acetates and terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba leaves successfully [16,17]. Therefore, DESs may also be tailor-made to extract aromatic acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailor-Made Deep Eutectic Solvents for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Aromatic Acids from Ginkgo biloba Leaves

et al. 2018

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Ginkgo biloba leaves have various health benefits due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyprenyl acetates, flavonoids, and terpene trilactones. However, there is little literature reported on the aromatic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaves. In this work, five aromatic acids including shikimic acid (SA), 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA), protocatechuic acid (PA), gallic acid (GAA), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) were simultaneously extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves by employing the green deep eutectic solvents (DESs). A DES tailor-made from xylitol, glycolic acid and 1,5-pentanedioic acid at a molar ratio of 1:3:1 with 50% (w/w) water addition, named as NGG50, gave higher extraction yields for the five aromatic acids. Main factors affecting the extraction process were further optimized. The highest extraction yields of SA, GAA, 6-HKA, PA, and PHBA were 94.15 ± 0.96 mg/g, 332.69 ± 5.19 μg/g, 25.90 ± 0.61 μg/g, 429.89 ± 11.47 μg/g and 67.94 ± 0.37 μg/g, respectively. The NGG50-based extraction process developed here was a successful attempt of simultaneously extracting five aromatic acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves for the first time, which could provide a new exploitation direction of Ginkgo biloba leaves.

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“…The content of TTLs was determined according to the method developed in our previous work [20]. The content of PAC, flavonoids, and PPAs was determined according to the method developed in our previous work [21].…”

Section: Determination Of Physicochemical Components and Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the Quality of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Fermented by Eurotium cristatum as High Value-Added Feed

et al. 2019

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Ginkgo biloba leaves are well known for their high content of nutrients and bioactive substances. However, unpleasant smell and a small number of ginkgolic acids greatly reduce the utilization of the leaves. In this work, solid-state fermentation of G. biloba leaves using Eurotium cristatum was studied by investigation of the nutrient changes and its feasibility as a functional feed. E. cristatum could grow on pure G. biloba leaves and the addition of excipients could significantly improve the growth of E. cristatum. The optimal medium was with 10% (w/w) of whole G. biloba seeds and the optimized water content, pH, inoculum size and fermentation time were 45% (w/w), 4.5, 4.76 × 107 CFU/100 g wet medium, and eight days, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the spore number increased by about 40 times. The content of flavonoids was greatly increased by 118.6%, and the protein and polyprenyl acetates (PPAs) were increased by 64.9% and 10.6%, respectively. The ginkgolic acids, lignin, and cellulose were decreased by 52.4%, 38.5%, and 20.1% than before, respectively. Furthermore, the fermented G. biloba leaves showed higher antioxidant activity and held more aroma substances. Thus, G. biloba leaves fermented by E. cristatum have potential as s high value-added feed. This is the first investigation of E. cristatum fermentation on ginkgo leaves, which will facilitate the use of ginkgo leaves in the feed industry.

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Deep eutectic solvents as green media for efficient extraction of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba leaves

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Levulinic Acid and 1,4-Butanediol as an Extraction Media for Bioactive Alkaloid Rutaecarpine

Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Levulinic Acid and 1,4-Butanediol as an Extraction Media for Bioactive Alkaloid Rutaecarpine

Tailor-Made Deep Eutectic Solvents for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Aromatic Acids from Ginkgo biloba Leaves

Improvement of the Quality of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Fermented by Eurotium cristatum as High Value-Added Feed

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