Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Induced In Situ Etching and Phosphorization to Form Nickel Phosphides for Electrooxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract

The development of catalysts with relatively high current densities at low potentials for the electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is still challenging. In this study, an in situ deep eutectic solvent (DES) etching phosphorization strategy is developed to prepare nickel phosphides encapsulated in P,O‐codoped carbon nanosheets (Ni−P@POC). The DES serves not only as an etchant to extract Ni2+ from the nickel foam, but also as a phosphorus source to form nickel phosphides in situ uniformly embedded in the carbon films to produce a sheet structure. The electrooxidation performance is further greatly improved by implementing an electrochemical activation step to transform Ni−P@POC into NiOOH/Ni−P@POC (t‐Ni−P@POC). t‐Ni−P@POC exhibits a low onset potential of 1.20 V vs. RHE and a high current density of 200 mA cm−2 at 1.33 V vs. RHE for HMF electrooxidation, outperforming most reported catalysts. The as‐developed DES etching phosphorization strategy offers a facile, flexible, and universal route for the design of high‐performance catalysts with specific nanostructures.

Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid by Heterogeneous Catalysts

“…Similarly, Qiu and co-workers developed an Ni 3 N−NiMoN/CC heterostructure catalyst and achieved complete HMF conversion with an FDCA yield of 98% and an FE close to 100% at 1.40 V vs. RHE potential [91]. Mu and co-workers developed a P and O co-doped Ni 2 P-Ni 12 P 5 heterostructure catalyst (t-Ni-P@POC), achieving complete HMF conversion with an FDCA yield of 99.9% and an FE of 99.7% at 1.42 V vs. RHE potential [92].…”

Unexpectedly Superhigh Toxicity of Superbase-Derived Deep Eutectic Solvents albeit High Efficiency for CO2 Capture and Conversion

“…The emergence of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has aroused great interest in the fields of gas capture/utilization, − biomass conversion, − material preparation, , energy storage, − and batteries recovery. − DESs are discovered by Abbott et al to show liquid near room temperature in 2003 exemplifying by ChCl:urea, ChCl:methyl urea, ChCl:dimethyl urea, ChCl:thiourea, ChCl:acetamide, ChCl:benzamide, and ChCl:tetramethyl urea . DESs are the liquid mixture of two or more compounds interacting through hydrogen bonds or halogen bonds. ,, The individual compounds are known as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) or hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs).…”

High efficiency coupled electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4 with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation over Cu-based nanoflower electrocatalysts

“…)based electrocatalysts have caused rapid development in HMFOR and even higher target product selectivity and energy efficiency have been obtained. [35][36][37][38][39] In general, researchers concluded that the active phases in HMF electrooxidation with transition metal catalysts should be their nitride or oxide compounds with unique nanostructures. The atomic vacancies and local structural disorder created by exotic species like oxygen, 37,40 nitride, 38 sulphur, 39,41 phosphorus, 36 and selenium, 42 the morphology of the nanostructure, and the valence states of the metal sites are responsible for their activity in HMFOR.…”

“…[35][36][37][38][39] In general, researchers concluded that the active phases in HMF electrooxidation with transition metal catalysts should be their nitride or oxide compounds with unique nanostructures. The atomic vacancies and local structural disorder created by exotic species like oxygen, 37,40 nitride, 38 sulphur, 39,41 phosphorus, 36 and selenium, 42 the morphology of the nanostructure, and the valence states of the metal sites are responsible for their activity in HMFOR. In CO 2 RR, a copper-based catalyst was shown to be an efficient electrocatalyst toward C 2+ products.…”