“…This includes automatic segmentation of brain lesions [2,10], tumors [9,15,21], and neuroanatomy [14,22,3], using voxelwise network architectures [14,9,17], and more recently using 3D voxelwise networks [3,10], and fully convolutional networks (FCNs) [4,13,17]. Compared to voxelwise methods, FCNs are fast in testing and training, and use the entire samples to learn local and global image features.…”