Abstract:BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) improves motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Researchers mainly investigated the motor networks to reveal DBS mechanisms, with few studies extending to other networks. This study aimed to investigate multi-network modulation patterns using DBS in patients with PD.MethodsTwenty-four patients with PD underwent 1.5 T functional MRI (fMRI) scans in both DBS-on and DBS-off states, with twenty-seven age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Default… Show more
“…In a resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) study of depression by Wen and colleagues, compared to healthy controls, patients with PD were found to have increased neural activity in prefrontal regions and decreased functional connectivity between prefrontal and limbic structures [ 35 ]. Research has demonstrated that STN-DBS influences the connectivity among the motor-associated cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum, thereby suggesting that structures influenced by STN-DBS are partly associated with areas involved in depression [ 36 , 37 ]. In contrast, studies have shown that changes in glucose metabolism induced by STN-DBS affect the levels of ketamine, which has rapid antidepressant and anti-anhedonic effects in brain structures [ 38 , 39 ].…”
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of STN-DBS on PD patients with different levels of depression and to identify predictors of the effects of STN-DBS on PD depression. Methods: We retrospectively collected data for 118 patients with PD depression who underwent STN-DBS at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Neuropsychological, motor, and quality of life assessments were applied preoperatively and postoperatively. All patients were divided into two groups according to their HAM-D24 total scores (group Ⅰ: mild depression; group Ⅱ: moderate depression). A mixed repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to investigate whether there were differences in depression scores before and after STN-DBS between the two groups. The changes in depression scores were also compared between groups using ANCOVA, adjusting for gender and preoperative HAMA scores. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of STN-DBS’s effects on PD depression. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in depression symptoms after STN-DBS. Compared with patients in group Ⅰ, patients in group Ⅱ showed greater reductions in their HAM-D24 total scores (p = 0.002) and in HAM-D24 subitems including cognitive disturbances (p = 0.026) and hopelessness symptoms (p = 0.018). Logistic regression indicated that gender (female) (p = 0.014) and preoperative moderate depression (p < 0.001) patients had greater improvements in depression after STN-DBS. Conclusions: Patients with moderate depression showed better improvement than patients with mild depression. Gender (female) and preoperative HAMA scores are predictors of STN-DBS’s effects on PD depression.
“…In a resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) study of depression by Wen and colleagues, compared to healthy controls, patients with PD were found to have increased neural activity in prefrontal regions and decreased functional connectivity between prefrontal and limbic structures [ 35 ]. Research has demonstrated that STN-DBS influences the connectivity among the motor-associated cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum, thereby suggesting that structures influenced by STN-DBS are partly associated with areas involved in depression [ 36 , 37 ]. In contrast, studies have shown that changes in glucose metabolism induced by STN-DBS affect the levels of ketamine, which has rapid antidepressant and anti-anhedonic effects in brain structures [ 38 , 39 ].…”
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of STN-DBS on PD patients with different levels of depression and to identify predictors of the effects of STN-DBS on PD depression. Methods: We retrospectively collected data for 118 patients with PD depression who underwent STN-DBS at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Neuropsychological, motor, and quality of life assessments were applied preoperatively and postoperatively. All patients were divided into two groups according to their HAM-D24 total scores (group Ⅰ: mild depression; group Ⅱ: moderate depression). A mixed repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to investigate whether there were differences in depression scores before and after STN-DBS between the two groups. The changes in depression scores were also compared between groups using ANCOVA, adjusting for gender and preoperative HAMA scores. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of STN-DBS’s effects on PD depression. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in depression symptoms after STN-DBS. Compared with patients in group Ⅰ, patients in group Ⅱ showed greater reductions in their HAM-D24 total scores (p = 0.002) and in HAM-D24 subitems including cognitive disturbances (p = 0.026) and hopelessness symptoms (p = 0.018). Logistic regression indicated that gender (female) (p = 0.014) and preoperative moderate depression (p < 0.001) patients had greater improvements in depression after STN-DBS. Conclusions: Patients with moderate depression showed better improvement than patients with mild depression. Gender (female) and preoperative HAMA scores are predictors of STN-DBS’s effects on PD depression.
“…Despite some missing spikes and slightly shifted timestamps, the correlation matrices for the downsampling factors up to 8 were similar to that of the GT without significant differences in the coefficients ( p = 0.7243, 0.1542, 0.0131, and <0.0001 for the factor 1, 8, 16, and 25, respectively; Two-tailed two-sample t test for the coefficients compared with those of the GT), indicating that the spatial network connectivity was reasonably well re-established. This accurate restoration ability is essential for detecting significant changes in functional connectivity to identify differences in brain states between normal and pathological conditions 33 , 34 or to clarify the effect of external stimulation and manipulation on network connectivity 35 , 36 . Fig.…”
Recording neuronal activity using multiple electrodes has been widely used to understand the functional mechanisms of the brain. Increasing the number of electrodes allows us to decode more variety of functionalities. However, handling massive amounts of multichannel electrophysiological data is still challenging due to the limited hardware resources and unavoidable thermal tissue damage. Here, we present machine learning (ML)-based reconstruction of high-frequency neuronal spikes from subsampled low-frequency band signals. Inspired by the equivalence between high-frequency restoration and super-resolution in image processing, we applied a transformer ML model to neuronal data recorded from both in vitro cultures and in vivo male mouse brains. Even with the x8 downsampled datasets, our trained model reasonably estimated high-frequency information of spiking activity, including spike timing, waveform, and network connectivity. With our ML-based data reduction applicable to existing multichannel recording hardware while achieving neuronal signals of broad bandwidths, we expect to enable more comprehensive analysis and control of brain functions.
“…Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) software (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK) and MATLAB software (MathWorks, Natick, MA) were used for statistical analysis of the data, which were preprocessed as reported previously [ 18 ]. In this study, all DBS apparatus-induced magnetic susceptibility artifacts were in the left brain and mainly located in the partial left inferior parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum.…”
Background
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has shown potential for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is little evidence of whether NBM-DBS can improve cognitive functioning in patients with advanced AD. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of brain networks remain unclear. This study was aimed to assess the cognitive function and the resting-state connectivity following NBM-DBS in patients with advanced AD.
Methods
Eight patients with advanced AD underwent bilateral NBM-DBS and were followed up for 12 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed by neuropsychological examinations using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography data were also collected.
Results
The cognitive functioning of AD patients did not change from baseline to the 12-month follow-up. Interestingly, the MMSE score indicated clinical efficacy at 1 month of follow-up. At this time point, the connectivity between the hippocampal network and frontoparietal network tended to increase in the DBS-on state compared to the DBS-off state. Additionally, the increased functional connectivity between the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and the parietal cortex was associated with cognitive improvement. Further dynamic functional network analysis showed that NBM-DBS increased the proportion of the PHG-related connections, which was related to improved cognitive performance.
Conclusion
The results indicated that NBM-DBS improves short-term cognitive performance in patients with advanced AD, which may be related to the modulation of multi-network connectivity patterns, and the hippocampus plays an important role within these networks.
Trial registration
ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900022324. Registered 5 April 2019—Prospective registration. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=37712
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