Dedifferentiated Fat (DFAT) cells: A cell source for oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineering is a promising method for the regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissues. Proper selection of a cell source is important for the desired application. This review describes the discovery and usefulness of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells as a cell source for tissue engineering. Dedifferentiated Fat cells are a highly homogeneous cell population (high purity), highly proliferative, and possess a multilineage potential for differentiation into various cell types under proper in vitro inducing conditions and in vivo. Moreover, DFAT cells have a higher differentiation capability of becoming osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes than do bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and/or adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The usefulness of DFAT cells in vivo for periodontal tissue, bone, peripheral nerve, muscle, cartilage, and fat tissue regeneration was reported. Dedifferentiated Fat cells obtained from the human buccal fat pad (BFP) are a minimally invasive procedure with limited esthetic complications for patients. The BFP is a convenient and accessible anatomical site to harvest DFAT cells for dentists and oral surgeons, and thus is a promising cell source for oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering.

Platelet‐rich plasma counteracts detrimental effect of high‐glucose concentrations on mesenchymal stem cells from Bichat fat pad

“…However, the availability of MSCs may be a limiting factor, due to the difficult accessibility of the main sources. According to previous reports (Broccaioli et al, 2013; Kishimoto, Honda, Momota, & Tran, 2018; Niada et al, 2013), here, we show that BFP contains MSCs, which can be isolated and cultured for several passages. They display all main markers of MSCs, which can be found in bone marrow and subcutaneous adipose tissue.…”

Involvement of Aquaporins in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Sjögren’s Syndrome

“…Renewal of differentiated acinar cells relies on self-duplicating rather than on stem cell differentiation [ 102 ]. Several regenerative strategies have been proposed to restore salivary gland function, including the transplantation of autologous salivary gland-derived epithelial stem cells, the transplantation of non epithelial cell types (such as bone marrow-derived cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, salivary-gland derived mesenchymal stem cells-like cells, amniotic cells, embryonic stem cells, induced-pluripotent stem cells, and dedifferentiated fat cells), the administration of bioactive compounds (such as growth factors, anti-apoptotic factors, angiogenic factors…), and the transplantation of salivary gland 3D tissue organoids [ 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ]. Regenerative cell-based therapies aiming at increasing the number of differentiated acinar cells possessing proper AQP5 protein expression and localization necessary for saliva secretion have significantly progressed.…”

Human adult pluripotency: Facts and questions

“…Inter-donor and interspecies variability in the makeup of surface antigens has been reported. Combined with a Poly-D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold, rat DFAT cells were able to regenerate periodontal tissue[38], opening exciting avenues for oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration[39,40].…”