Platelet‐rich plasma counteracts detrimental effect of high‐glucose concentrations on mesenchymal stem cells from Bichat fat pad

Abstract

Diabetic patients display increased risk of periodontitis and failure in bone augmentation procedures. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) represent a relevant advantage in tissue repair process and regenerative medicine. We isolated MSCs from Bichat's buccal fat pad (BFP) and measured the effects of glucose and PRP on cell number and osteogenic differentiation potential. Cells were cultured in the presence of 5.5-mM glucose (low glucose [LG]) or 25-mM glucose (high glucose [HG]). BFP-MSC number was significantly lower when cells were cultured in HG compared with those in LG. Following osteogenic differentiation procedures, calcium accumulation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of osteogenic markers were significantly lower in HG compared with LG. Exposure of BFP-MSC to PRP significantly increased cell number and osteogenic differentiation potential, reaching comparable levels in LG and in HG. Thus, high-glucose concentrations impair BFP-MSC growth and osteogenic differentiation. However, these detrimental effects are largely counteracted by PRP. K E Y W O R D S Bichat's buccal fat pad, bone reconstruction, diabetes, mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma Vittoria D'Esposito and Manuela Lecce equally contributed to this work.

Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Dry Socket: Literature Review and Case Series

“…None of the patients needed to take analgesic drugs and therefore we can assume a predominant role of PRF in the reduction of pain. This result is in accordance with other studies supporting the antinociceptive role of platelet concentrates [30][31][32].…”

“…The tissue regeneration or repair process requires a harmonious reaction of various types of cells, including immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes), epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem cells. The rationale for the use of hemocomponents in the treatment of this condition is that it accelerates the healing of soft and hard tissues by increasing the concentration of growth factors [30,31]. Platelet growth factors serve as messengers to regulate a well-orchestrated and complex series of events involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and to promote the proliferation of cells at the wound site.…”

“…In our study, we chose A-PRF because it releases VEGF at higher levels compared to L-PRF (Leukocyte-Plateletrich Fibrin). [14] VEGF is largely produced by the leukocytes [31] and is crucial for the promotion of angiogenesis during tissue repair. Indeed, reduced expression and rapid proteolytic degradation of VEGF are considered partially responsible for poor wound healing, for example in diabetic wounds, because these effects result in poor angiogenesis during GT formation.…”

Epicardial Adipose Tissue and IL-13 Response to Myocardial Injury Drives Left Ventricular Remodeling After ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

“…In order to explore the relationship between circulating and EAT levels of IL-13, and to better define EAT as a source of IL-13 in CAD, we enrolled in the study 55 patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting and we collected blood samples and EAT biopsies for IL-13 determination ( D’Esposito et al, 2020 ) ( Supplementary Material ).…”

Towards Physiologic Culture Approaches to Improve Standard Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…According to the literature however, the effects of the amount glucose on MSC cultures are diverse, depending on the metabolic activity and the type of MSCs. Most studies under normoxic culture conditions support that high glucose concentration (5000 mg/L) in the culture media can suppress proliferation of bone marrow [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], Bichat’s buccal fat pad [ 49 ] and nucleus pulposus MSCs [ 50 ], reduce their colony forming ability [ 50 ], induce cellular senescence [ 47 , 50 , 51 ], alter MSC spindle-shape morphology [ 47 ], and upregulate autophagy [ 50 , 51 ], compared with low glucose (1000 mg/L) media concentration. In addition, MSCs cultured in low glucose media have been shown to maintain their differentiation capacities and stemness [ 46 , 47 , 50 ], and increase antioxidant enzyme expression and mitochondrial respiration [ 47 ].…”