Decreasing urinary PAH metabolites and 7-methylguanine after smoking cessation

Ichiba, Masayoshi; Matsumoto, Akiko; Kondoh, Toshihiro; Horita, Mikako; Tomokuni, Katsumaro

doi:10.1007/s00420-005-0071-6

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…(29) Furthermore, the m 7 Gua level in human urine decreased after smoking cessation. (54) Therefore, our results confirmed those of previous studies. Moreover, considering that tobacco-specific nitrosamines are a group of carcinogens present in tobacco smoke, (55) the urinary m 7 Gua level can be analyzed to monitor DNA methylation and to assess the risk of lung cancers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of age, smoking and other lifestyle factors on urinary 7‐methylguanine and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine

Tamae¹,

Kawai²,

Yamasaki³

et al. 2009

Cancer Science

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Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and 7-methylguanine (m 7 Gua) were measured by a column-switching high performance liquid chromatography method as markers of oxidative and methylating DNA damage, respectively. We investigated the associations between urinary 8-OH-dG or m 7 Gua and various lifestyle and demographic factors, such as age and sex. The urinary 8-OH-dG excretion level was positively correlated with cigarette smoking, but inversely correlated with fruit consumption, physical activity and total energy consumed per day. A multiple regression analysis revealed that daily physical activity and healthy meal combinations decreased the urinary 8-OH-dG level, whereas alcohol consumption increased it. In terms of the urinary m 7 Gua measurement, cigarette smoking, age and consumption of meat, fish, egg, soybean, etc. were positively correlated with the urinary m 7 Gua level, whereas body weight, BMI, physical activity, and dietary index score, which indicates good nutritional balance, were negatively correlated with the amount of m 7 Gua. Based on a multiple regression analysis, cigarette smoking and age correlated with the m 7 Gua level, while high BMI and healthy meal combinations have significant reducing effects on m 7 Gua level. Therefore, the urinary m 7 Gua level is considered to be a useful marker of DNA methylation, not only from smoking, but also from aging and unhealthy dietary habits. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 715-721) O xygen radicals are formed in cells by oxygen metabolism and various environmental agents, and they damage DNA, RNA, and proteins.(1) Among the many types of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) is a major product and is frequently analyzed as a marker of cellular oxidative stress related to carcinogenesis, (2,3) because 8-OH-dG induces mutations, (4,5) is excreted in the urine, and it has been analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), (6,7) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), (8) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).(10) However, the reproducibility and accuracy of its measurement are much higher with the HPLC-ECD and LC-MS/MS methods, as compared to the ELISA method. (11,12) We have reported that higher 8-OH-dG levels were observed in the lung DNA of smokers, (13) the liver DNA of chronic hepatitis patients, (14) and in the stomach DNA of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori.(15) It has also been reported that the urinary 8-OH-dG level is higher in cancer patients than in healthy people, (16) higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, (17) and lower in people who exercise moderately. (17) In addition, the urinary 8-OH-dG level was higher in men than in women, (7) and it negatively correlated to body mass index (BMI).(7) As an explanation for the relationship between a lean BMI and high urinary 8-OH-dG excretion, it has been suggested that lean persons have a higher metabolic rate than obese persons, (18) and therefore have higher oxidat...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of age, smoking and other lifestyle factors on urinary 7‐methylguanine and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine

Tamae¹,

Kawai²,

Yamasaki³

et al. 2009

Cancer Science

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“…The median levels of the adduct decreased by 28% as a result of smoking cessation, which was statistically significant ( p = 0.02). Another study found that smoking cessation for 1 month reduced the concentration of 7‐methylguaine in urine to 54% (mean value for 18 male subjects) of the smoking levels 221. Switching from conventional cigarettes to electrically heated smoking devices has also been reported to result in reduced levels of a number of biomarkers, including 4‐ABP hemoglobin (on average by 43%) 222…”

Section: Chemoprevention and Smoking Cessationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke

Phillips

Venitt

2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

124

122

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Tobacco smoke contains a variety of genotoxic carcinogens that form adducts with DNA and protein in the tissues of smokers. Not only are these biochemical events relevant to the carcinogenic process, but the detection of adducts provides a means of monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. Characterization of smoking‐related adducts has shed light on the mechanisms of smoking‐related diseases and many different types of smoking‐derived DNA and protein adducts have been identified. Such approaches also reveal the potential harm of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to nonsmokers, infants and children. Because the majority of tobacco‐smoke carcinogens are not exclusive to this source of exposure, studies comparing smokers and nonsmokers may be confounded by other environmental sources. Nevertheless, certain DNA and protein adducts have been validated as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke, with continuing applications in the study of ETS exposures, cancer prevention and tobacco product legislation. Our article is a review of the literature on smoking‐related adducts in human tissues published since 2002.

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“…A potential limitation of most epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and PAHs is that information on exposure was obtained by questionnaire rather than ambient air or biologic measurements. PAH metabolites, including 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol, have been directly measured from human specimens in various studies of occupational PAH exposure (7), non-occupational exposure (8), air pollution (9), and cigarette smoke (10). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer and Urinary Biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Oxidative Stress in the Shanghai Women's Health Study

Lee

Shu

Gao

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and oxidative stress from such and other exposures have been associated with breast cancer in some studies. To further evaluate the role of PAH metabolites and oxidative stress on the development of breast cancer, we conducted a nested case-control study in the Shanghai Women's Health Study.We measured urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol as PAH metabolites and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde as oxidative stress biomarkers in 327 breast cancer cases and 654 controls in the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Information on demographic characteristics, past medical history, lifestyles, history of menstruation, pregnancy history, eating and drinking habit, history of residence, employment history, family history, husband's information, and physical activity were collected by a self-administered questionnaire.The mean age was 52.3 in breast cancer cases (n = 354) and 52.5 in controls (n = 708). Age at menarche (P = 0.04), months of breast-feeding the first baby (P = 0.05), and grade of education (P trend < 0.01) were significantly different between cases and controls. No association was observed for PAH metabolites and the oxidative stress biomarkers of urinary malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and risk of breast cancer.This nested case-control study provides no evidence of association between PAH exposure and oxidative stress and risk of breast cancer in Shanghai women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(3); 877-83. ©2010 AACR.

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Decreasing urinary PAH metabolites and 7-methylguanine after smoking cessation

Abstract: PAH metabolites were better biomarkers of smoking cessation than 7-MeG. Analyzing urinary metabolites or urinary DNA adducts is suitable for epidemiological studies.

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of age, smoking and other lifestyle factors on urinary 7‐methylguanine and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine

Effect of age, smoking and other lifestyle factors on urinary 7‐methylguanine and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine

DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke

Breast Cancer and Urinary Biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Oxidative Stress in the Shanghai Women's Health Study

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