The amount of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) excreted in urine can be used not only as an indicator of DNA repair capacity, but also as a potential marker of oxidative DNA damage. To clarify the oxidation-related factors, in consideration of cancer risk, this study investigated how urinary 8-OH-dG was associated with occupational and lifestyle factors in 372 healthy workers. The creatinine-adjusted urinary 8-OH-dG level was significantly higher in male subjects, smokers and drinkers compared with their counterparts. There were significant positive correlations of the 8-OH-dG level with average number of working hours, involvement in work, average number of cigarettes smoked, average volume of alcohol consumed and serum cortisol level, and there were significant negative correlations of the 8-OH-dG level with body mass index (BMI) and consumption of soybean products, rice and light-colored vegetables. Multiple regression analysis showed that average number of working hours and average number of cigarettes smoked were significant predictors of increased 8-OH-dG levels, whereas being female and BMI were significant predictors of decreased 8-OH-dG levels. Working hours, BMI and smoking were significant predictors of urinary 8-OH-dG in male subjects, whereas age and BMI were significant predictors in female subjects. We suggest that several occupational and lifestyle factors, particularly long working hours and cigarette smoking, are linked to the formation of 8-OH-dG in workers. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 600-606) I t is well-known and documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the cellular metabolism can directly lead to oxidative damage to DNA, and can play an important role in various biological phenomena, including mutation, carcinogenesis, inflammation, aging and degenerative diseases.(1) 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanosine) was first reported as causing oxidative DNA damage in 1984.(2) In cellular DNA, 8-OH-dG causes both mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, (3,4) and furthermore, it has been investigated in relation to a variety of diseases and hazards, particularly cancer and its risk factors.(3,4) For example, the formation of 8-OH-dG in various tissues or peripheral leukocytes as a result of administered carcinogens and other hazardous substances has been reported in many studies, (3,4) and increased 8-OHdG has been found in cancerous tissues.(5,6) Activities that have been linked to cancer, such as smoking and drinking, have also been reported to affect leukocyte or tissue 8-OHdG.(7-10) We provided the first evidence of a relationship between psychosocial stress and leukocyte 8-OH-dG levels in healthy workers, although sex differences also had an effect. (11)(12)(13) Taking these findings into consideration, we conclude that 8-OH-dG could be a useful marker for assessing cancer risk due to multiple risk factors.Tissue or leukocyte 8-OH-dG has been most frequently measured using a high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) system because of its se...
Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and 7-methylguanine (m 7 Gua) were measured by a column-switching high performance liquid chromatography method as markers of oxidative and methylating DNA damage, respectively. We investigated the associations between urinary 8-OH-dG or m 7 Gua and various lifestyle and demographic factors, such as age and sex. The urinary 8-OH-dG excretion level was positively correlated with cigarette smoking, but inversely correlated with fruit consumption, physical activity and total energy consumed per day. A multiple regression analysis revealed that daily physical activity and healthy meal combinations decreased the urinary 8-OH-dG level, whereas alcohol consumption increased it. In terms of the urinary m 7 Gua measurement, cigarette smoking, age and consumption of meat, fish, egg, soybean, etc. were positively correlated with the urinary m 7 Gua level, whereas body weight, BMI, physical activity, and dietary index score, which indicates good nutritional balance, were negatively correlated with the amount of m 7 Gua. Based on a multiple regression analysis, cigarette smoking and age correlated with the m 7 Gua level, while high BMI and healthy meal combinations have significant reducing effects on m 7 Gua level. Therefore, the urinary m 7 Gua level is considered to be a useful marker of DNA methylation, not only from smoking, but also from aging and unhealthy dietary habits. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 715-721) O xygen radicals are formed in cells by oxygen metabolism and various environmental agents, and they damage DNA, RNA, and proteins.(1) Among the many types of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) is a major product and is frequently analyzed as a marker of cellular oxidative stress related to carcinogenesis, (2,3) because 8-OH-dG induces mutations, (4,5) is excreted in the urine, and it has been analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), (6,7) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), (8) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).(10) However, the reproducibility and accuracy of its measurement are much higher with the HPLC-ECD and LC-MS/MS methods, as compared to the ELISA method. (11,12) We have reported that higher 8-OH-dG levels were observed in the lung DNA of smokers, (13) the liver DNA of chronic hepatitis patients, (14) and in the stomach DNA of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori.(15) It has also been reported that the urinary 8-OH-dG level is higher in cancer patients than in healthy people, (16) higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, (17) and lower in people who exercise moderately. (17) In addition, the urinary 8-OH-dG level was higher in men than in women, (7) and it negatively correlated to body mass index (BMI).(7) As an explanation for the relationship between a lean BMI and high urinary 8-OH-dG excretion, it has been suggested that lean persons have a higher metabolic rate than obese persons, (18) and therefore have higher oxidat...
Although the toxicity of metal contaminated soils has been assessed with various bioassays, more information is needed about the biochemical responses, which may help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in metal toxicity. We previously reported that the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, accumulates cadmium in its seminal vesicles. The bio-accumulative ability of earthworms is well known, and thus the earthworm could be a useful living organism for the bio-monitoring of soil pollution. In this short review, we describe recent studies concerning the relationship between earthworms and soil pollutants, and discuss the possibility of using the earthworm as a bio-monitoring organism for soil pollution.
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