Decreasing the intensity of reinforcement-based interventions for reducing behavior: Conceptual issues and a proposed model for clinical practice.

LeBlanc, Linda; Hagopian, Louis P.; Maglieri, Kristen A.; Poling, Alan

doi:10.1037/h0099991

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…During the initial phases of PECS training, items, typically edible items, are delivered frequently and immediately contingent on picture exchanges, which sometimes results in high-rate requesting (Frost & Bondy, 2002). High-rate requests may be undesirable outside the training context, especially if continuous delivery of preferred items results in poor health outcomes or disruption of daily activities if requested items are not immediately available (LeBlanc, Hagopian, Maglieri, & Poling, 2002). Sidener, Shabani, Carr, and Roland (2006) suggested that caregivers may respond to high-rate requests by restricting access to communicative materials or ignoring requests.…”

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confidence: 99%

An evaluation of multiple‐schedule variations to reduce high‐rate requests in the picture exchange communication system

Landa¹,

Hanley

2016

J of App Behav Analysis

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Using procedures similar to those of Tiger, Hanley, and Heal (2006), we compared two multiple-schedule variations (S+/S- and S+ only) to treat high-rate requests for edible items in the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). Two individuals with autism participated, after they showed persistent requests for edible items after PECS training. Stimulus control was achieved only with the multiple schedule that involved presentation of a discriminative stimulus during reinforcement components and its removal during extinction components (S+ only). Discriminated requests were maintained for the 1 participant who experienced schedule thinning.

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An evaluation of multiple‐schedule variations to reduce high‐rate requests in the picture exchange communication system

Landa¹,

Hanley

2016

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…To increase the likelihood of generalization (i.e., maintenance of treatment effects), schedule thinning, in which the density of reinforcement is gradually decreased over time, can be incorporated after the target behavior is effectively modified (LeBlanc, Hagopian, Maglieri, & Poling, 2002). One way to thin a reinforcement schedule is to implement more intermittent schedules of reinforcement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Maintaining high activity levels in sedentary adults with a reinforcement‐thinning schedule

Andrade

Barry

Litt

et al. 2014

J of App Behav Analysis

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Physical inactivity is a leading cause of mortality. Reinforcement interventions appear useful for increasing activity and preventing adverse consequences of sedentary lifestyles. This study evaluated a reinforcement thinning schedule for maintaining high activity levels. Sedentary adults (n=77) were given pedometers and encouraged to walk ≥10,000 steps/day. Initially, all participants earned rewards for each day they walked ≥10,000 steps. Subsequently, 61 participants were randomized to a monitoring only condition or a monitoring plus reinforcement thinning condition, in which frequencies of monitoring and reinforcing walking decreased over 12 weeks. The mean ± SD percentage of participants in the monitoring plusreinforcement thinning condition who met walking goals was 83% ± 24% versus. 55% ± 31% for participants in the monitoring only condition, p < .001. Thus, this monitoring plusreinforcement thinning schedule maintained high rates of walking when it was in effect; however, groups did not differ at a 24-week follow-up. Monitoring plus reinforcement thinning schedules, nevertheless, hold potential to extend benefits of reinforcement interventions at low costs.

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“…Behavior analysts who use DRO schedules to reduce stereotypic responses often attempt to thin the DRO schedule by increasing the duration of the DRO requirement as stereotypic responses decrease. Increasing DRO response requirements has the effect of thinning the reinforcement schedule (Barker & Thyer, 2000;Hegel & Ferguson, 2000;Kahng, Iwata, DeLeon, & Wallace, 2000;LeBlanc, Hagopian, Maglieri, & Poling, 2002;LeBlanc, Hagopian, & Maglieri, 2000;Leitenberg, Burchard, Burchard, Fuller, & Lysaght, 1977). Increasing the duration of the DRO requirement is desirable for a number of reasons.…”

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Effects of adjusting DRO schedules on the reduction of stereotypic vocalizations in children with autism

Rozenblat

Brown²,

Brown

et al. 2009

Behavioral Interventions

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The reduction of stereotypic behavior is important for individuals with developmental disabilities because it may interfere with learning new skills. A common procedure used to reduce stereotypic behavior is differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). A DRO schedule is a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered given the absence of a target response for a period of time. Although DRO schedules have been shown to be effective in reducing a variety of stereotypic behavior, empirical studies have not yet determined the most effective way to thin the reinforcement schedule. The current study examined the extent to which the relationship between the inter-response time (IRT) and the DRO requirement affects the reduction of stereotypic behavior. Results of the current study showed the DRO requirement that was set to the 25th percentile of the IRT distribution was more effective in reducing stereotypic behavior when compared with a DRO requirement set to the 95th percentile of the IRT distribution.

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Decreasing the intensity of reinforcement-based interventions for reducing behavior: Conceptual issues and a proposed model for clinical practice.

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

An evaluation of multiple‐schedule variations to reduce high‐rate requests in the picture exchange communication system

An evaluation of multiple‐schedule variations to reduce high‐rate requests in the picture exchange communication system

Maintaining high activity levels in sedentary adults with a reinforcement‐thinning schedule

Effects of adjusting DRO schedules on the reduction of stereotypic vocalizations in children with autism

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