Decreased thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of patients with major depression

Alkemade, Anneke; Unmehopa, Unga A.; Brouwer, J.; Hoogendijk, Witte J.G.; Wiersinga, Wilmar M.; Swaab, Dick F.; Fliers, Eric

doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001364

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Exclusion criteria for corticosteroid-treated patients were: 1) use of antiepileptics, dopamine, or opiates within 4 wk before death or use of amiodarone; 2) known thyroidal disease; 3) mechanical ventilation; and 4) psychiatric or neurodegenerative disease. Patients and control subjects were matched for sex and, as closely as possible, severity and duration of fatal illness in an attempt to match for possible interference by NTI (7,16). Exclusion criteria for control subjects were identical with the addition of corticosteroid treatment within 4 wk before death.…”

Section: Subjects and Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids Decrease Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Human Hypothalamus

Alkemade

Unmehopa

Wiersinga

et al. 2005

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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The way glucocorticoids affect TRH mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is still unclear. In view of its relevance for Cushing's syndrome and depression, we measured TRH mRNA expression in human hypothalami obtained at autopsy by means of quantitative TRH mRNA in situ hybridization. In corticosteroid-treated subjects (n = 10), TRH mRNA hybridization signal was decreased as compared with matched control subjects (n = 10) (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.02). By inference, hypercortisolism as present in patients with Cushing's syndrome or major depression may contribute to lower serum TSH or symptoms of depression by lowering hypothalamic TRH expression.

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Section: Subjects and Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids Decrease Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Human Hypothalamus

Alkemade

Unmehopa

Wiersinga

et al. 2005

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…Another explanation is that a relatively low TSH is due to relatively low TRH. Indeed, the expression of TRH in the hypothalamus of depressed patients as compared to control patients is decreased (31). Since TRH is influenced by serotonin in the rat brain (32), serum TSH concentrations may reflect a disturbed serotonin system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyrotropin, but not a polymorphism in type II deiodinase, predicts response to paroxetine in major depression

Brouwer¹,

Appelhof²,

Peeters

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: The determinants of response to antidepressant treatment in major depression are unknown at present. The aim of the present study was to establish whether response is predicted by Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis parameters or by a recently discovered polymorphism in the enzyme type II deiodinase (DII), which catalyzes the production of T 3 in the brain. Design: We analyzed prediction of response to paroxetine treatment by calculating response rates per tertile of HPT-axis parameters and per DII genotype. Methods: Ninety-eight outpatients with major depression (DSM-IV) were included. Serum concentrations of TSH, FT 4 and delta TSH in a DEX/CRH-TRH test were measured. In addition, the presence of a polymorphism in the DII sequence (Thr92Ala) was determined. Results: The overall treatment response was 48 of 98 patients (49%). After exclusion of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and/or TPO antibodies (nZ16), higher serum TSH significantly predicted response (response rate per tertile from low to high TSH: 36%, 42%, and 67%). Heterozygous patients for the DII polymorphism (44%) had slightly lower serum TSH (PZ0.03) as compared to patients with the wild-type DII (47%). The polymorphism was unrelated to treatment response. Conclusion: Higher serum TSH was associated with response to paroxetine in patients with major depression.European Journal of Endocrinology 154 819-825

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“…11 Persons scoring above the generally accepted cut-off point for clinically relevant symptoms (CES-D score Ն16) were approached to undergo a diagnostic psychiatric evaluation using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. 12 Blood samples were obtained and centrifuged in the morning.…”

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confidence: 99%

Depression Is Associated With Decreased 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Increased Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Older Adults

Hoogendijk¹,

Lips²,

Dik³

et al. 2008

Arch Gen Psychiatry

382

248

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Decreased thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of patients with major depression

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Glucocorticoids Decrease Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Human Hypothalamus

Glucocorticoids Decrease Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Human Hypothalamus

Thyrotropin, but not a polymorphism in type II deiodinase, predicts response to paroxetine in major depression

Depression Is Associated With Decreased 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Increased Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Older Adults

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