Decreased Splenic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CD4</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>+</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>T-Lymphocytes in Apolipoprotein M Gene Deficient Mice

Wang, Zhigang; Luo, Guanghua; Feng, Yuehua; Zheng, Lu; Liu, Hongyao; Liang, Yun; Liu, Zhonghua; Shao, Peng; Berggren-Söderlund, Maria; Zhang, Xiaoying; Xu, N.

doi:10.1155/2015/293512

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Special focus has been placed on the major subpopulation of the splenocytes (i.e., CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells. The immunological and functional aspects of T cells 10 d post-LPS treatment indicated T cell ensuing normal functionality (23,31). Indeed, the T cells' cytokine responses, upregulation of activation markers, or proliferation were previously found to be similar to the controls at this late, postacute time point in endotoxemia (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It was noticed that the mice suffered from lymphopenia because of systemic inflammation induced by LPS. Especially the T cell subpopulation CD4 + decreased compared with the CD8 + cell population upon LPS stimulation (23,31). The surviving mice regained their body weight, albeit not completely, and the clinical severity reduced after 5 d post-LPS treatment (23).…”

Section: Cd4 + and Cd8 + T Cell Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman Spectroscopy Follows Time-Dependent Changes in T Lymphocytes Isolated from Spleen of Endotoxemic Mice

et al. 2019

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T lymphocytes (T cells) are highly specialized members of the adaptive immune system and hold the key to the understanding the hosts' response toward invading pathogen or pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as LPS. In this study, noninvasive Raman spectroscopy is presented as a label-free method to follow LPS-induced changes in splenic T cells during acute and postacute inflammatory phases (1, 4, 10, and 30 d) with a special focus on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells of endotoxemic C57BL/6 mice. Raman spectral analysis reveals highest chemical differences between CD4 + and CD8 + T cells originating from the control and LPS-treated mice during acute inflammation, and the differences are visible up to 10 d after the LPS insult. In the postacute phase, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from treated and untreated mice could not be differentiated anymore, suggesting that T cells largely regained their original status. In sum, the biological information obtained from Raman spectra agrees with immunological readouts demonstrating that Raman spectroscopy is a well-suited, label-free method for following splenic T cell activation in systemic inflammation from acute to postacute phases. The method can also be applied to directly study tissue sections as is demonstrated for spleen tissue one day after LPS insult. ImmunoHorizons, 2019, 3: 45-60.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Cd4 + and Cd8 + T Cell Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy Follows Time-Dependent Changes in T Lymphocytes Isolated from Spleen of Endotoxemic Mice

et al. 2019

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“…Elevated apoM levels were also reported in cases of chronic inflammatory disease and decreased in acute inflammatory disease [14, 15]. The potential mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activities and immune-modulatory properties of apoM have been previously characterized [16–18], and apoM is known to be widely distributed within the pool of serum lipoproteins under inflammatory conditions [19, 20]. In chronic inflammatory disease, apoM functions as an innate protective factor that is up-regulated to resist inflammatory effects over long periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently studies showed that apoM could limits endothelial and vascular inflammation though sphingosine 1-phosphate-sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 pathway (S1P-SIP1) [21, 22]. Furthermore, Wang et al [18] showed that apoM contributed to the maintenance of CD4 + T lymphocytes or benefited for modifying T lymphocyte subgroups in murine spleen. Indeed, apoM-sphingosine 1-phosphate (apoM-S1P) was shown to contribute to innate and adaptive immunity by directly interacting with bone marrow lymphocyte progenitors and inhibiting their proliferation via activation of the S1P1/ERK pathway [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive association between serum apolipoprotein M levels and hepatitis B virus DNA load in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B

Shen

et al. 2016

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundHepatitis virus B (HBV) has infected millions of people worldwide. Notably, such infections can be associated with hepatic complications. Levels of apolipoprotein M (apoM), a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), are known to be significantly elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HBV DNA load in serum and serum apoM levels in patients with CHB.MethodsA total of 73 HBeAg-negative CHB patients, 50 HBeAg-positive CHB patients, and 79 non-CHB controls were included in the study cohort. The age and body mass index (BMI) of the study participants were matched. Serum levels of apoM and the HBV antigens HBsAg and HBeAg were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were assessed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Serum HBV DNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR analysis. Data were analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression model (continuous variables), or Student’s t-test (mean differences).ResultsBoth the HBeAg-negative CHB and HBeAg-positive CHB patient groups exhibited elevated serum levels of apoM. Moreover, serum apoM levels were positively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients (r = 0.394, p < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant relationship between apoM and HBV DNA levels in the HBeAg-positive CHB group (r = 0.197, p = 0.170). The median log copies/mL value for HBV DNA (4.00) was considered the cutoff point for the HBeAg-negative CHB group. Notably, a significant number of patients with HBV DNA levels above the cutoff point also had higher serum apoM levels (63.38 ± 29.84 vs. 41.41 ± 21.84; p = 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings reveal that the correlation between serum apoM levels and viral loads may depend on HBeAg status, as serum apoM levels were positively correlated with HBV DNA levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients. These results suggest that HBeAg may play a role in apoM-related lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory functions in hepatitis B patients. Thus, our findings may facilitate the clinical management of HBV infection.

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“…ApoM -/- mice (C57BL/6J) were employed at the animal research institute of the Nanjing University (Jiangsu) [ 29 ]. The genotypes of parental mice and their offsprings were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction as described previously [ 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance in Apolipoprotein M Knockout Mice is Mediated by the Protein Kinase Akt Signaling Pathway

Yao

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2020

EMIDDT

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Background: Previous clinical studies have suggested that apolipoprotein M (apoM) is involved in glucose metabolism and plays a causative role in insulin sensitivity. Objective: The potential mechanism of apoM on modulating glucose homeostasis is explored and differentially expressed genes are analyzed by employing ApoM deficient (ApoM-/- ) and wild type (WT) mice. Methods: The metabolism of glucose in the hepatic tissues of high-fat diet ApoM-/- and WT mice was measured by a glycomics approach. Bioinformatic analysis was applied for analyzing the levels of differentially expressed mRNAs in the liver tissues of these mice. The insulin sensitivity of ApoM-/- and WT mice was compared using the insulin tolerance test and the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase Akt (AKT) and insulin stimulation in different tissues were examined by Western blot. Results: The majority of the hepatic glucose metabolites exhibited lower concentration levels in the ApoM-/- mice compared with those of the WT mice. Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that ApoM deficiency affected the genes associated with the metabolism of glucose. The insulin tolerance test suggested that insulin sensitivity was impaired in ApoM-/- mice. The phosphorylation levels of AKT in muscle and adipose tissues of ApoM-/- mice were significantly diminished in response to insulin stimulation compared with those noted in WT mice. Conclusion: : ApoM deficiency led to the disorders of glucose metabolism and altered genes related to glucose metabolism in mice liver. In vivo data indicated that apoM might augment insulin sensitivity by AKT-dependent mechanism.

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Decreased SplenicCD4+T-Lymphocytes in Apolipoprotein M Gene Deficient Mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Raman Spectroscopy Follows Time-Dependent Changes in T Lymphocytes Isolated from Spleen of Endotoxemic Mice

Raman Spectroscopy Follows Time-Dependent Changes in T Lymphocytes Isolated from Spleen of Endotoxemic Mice

Positive association between serum apolipoprotein M levels and hepatitis B virus DNA load in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B

Insulin Resistance in Apolipoprotein M Knockout Mice is Mediated by the Protein Kinase Akt Signaling Pathway

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